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N-terminal myristoylation alters the calcium binding pathways in neuronal calcium sensor-1

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Abstract

Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) interacts with many membranes and cytosolic proteins, both in a Ca2+-dependent and in a Ca2+-independent manner, and its physiological role is governed by its N-terminal myristoylation. To understand the role of myristoylation in altering Ca2+ response and other basic biophysical properties, we have characterized the Ca2+ filling pathways in both myristoylated (myr) and non-myristoylated (non-myr) forms of NCS-1. We have observed that Ca2+ binds simultaneously to all three active EF-hands in non-myr NCS-1, whereas in the case of myr NCS-1, the process is sequential, where the second EF-hand is filled first, followed by the third and fourth EF-hands. In the case of myr NCS-1, the observed sequential Ca2+ binding process becomes more prominent in the presence of Mg2+. Besides, the analysis of 15N-relaxation data reveals that non-myr NCS-1 is more dynamic than myr NCS-1. The overall molecular tumbling correlation time increases by approximately 20% upon myristoylation. Comparing the apo forms of non-myr NCS-1 and myr NCS-1, we found the possibility of existence of some substates, which are structurally closer to the holo form of the protein. There are more such substates in the case of non-myr NCS-1 than in the case of the myr NCS-1, suggesting that the former accesses larger volumes of conformational substates compared with the latter. Further, the study reveals that the possibility of Ca2+ binding simultaneously to different parts of the protein is more favourable in non-myr NCS-1 than in myr NCS-1.

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Abbreviations

BMRB:

BioMagResBank

CaM:

Calmodulin

CaBP:

Ca2+-binding protein

CPMG:

Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill

EF2:

Second EF-hand of neuronal calcium sensor-1

EF3:

Third EF-hand of neuronal calcium sensor-1

EF4:

Fourth EF-hand of neuronal calcium sensor-1

HSQC:

Heteronuclear single quantum correlation

ITC:

Isothermal titration calorimetry

MWC:

Monod–Wyman–Changeux

myr:

Myristoylated

NCS:

Neuronal calcium sensor

NOE:

Nuclear Overhauser effect

non-myr:

Non-myristoylated

VILIP:

Visinin-like protein

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Acknowledgments

The facilities provided by the National Facility for High Field NMR, supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India, are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India

    Kousik Chandra, Venkatesh Ramakrishnan & K. V. R. Chary

  2. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India

    Yogendra Sharma

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  1. Kousik Chandra
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  2. Venkatesh Ramakrishnan
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Chandra, K., Ramakrishnan, V., Sharma, Y. et al. N-terminal myristoylation alters the calcium binding pathways in neuronal calcium sensor-1. J Biol Inorg Chem 16, 81–95 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-010-0705-3

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