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Plasmodesmata viewed as specialised membrane adhesion sites

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Abstract

A significant amount of work has been expended to identify the elusive components of plasmodesmata (PD) to help understand their structure, as well as how proteins are targeted to them. This review focuses on the role that lipid membranes may play in defining PD both structurally and as subcellular targeting addresses. Parallels are drawn to findings in other areas of research which focus on the lateral segregation of membrane domains and the generation of three-dimensional organellar shapes from flat lipid bilayers. We conclude that consideration of the protein–lipid interactions in cell biological studies of PD components and PD-targeted proteins may yield new insights into some of the many open questions regarding these unique structures.

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Abbreviations

DRM:

Detergent resistant membrane

DT:

Desmotubule

EM:

Electron microscopy

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GPI:

Glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol

Ld :

Liquid-disordered

Lo :

Liquid-ordered

MP:

Movement protein

PD:

Plasmodesma(ta)

PDLP:

Plasmodesmata-located protein

PDCB:

Pd callose binding protein

PIP:

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate

PMTV:

Potato mop-top virus

PVX:

Potato virus X

So :

Solid-ordered

TMD:

Transmembrane domain

TMV:

Tobacco mosaic virus

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Chris Hawes (Oxford, UK) for supplying Fig. 2a and to Christophe Ritzenthaler (Strasbourg, France), Christine Faulkner and Andy J. Maule (Norwich, UK) and Jesús A. Sánchez-Navarro (Valencia, Spain) for sharing unpublished results. We apologise to all colleagues whose work we were unable to cite due to space limitations. Funding by the Fundación Séneca, Spain (postdoctoral fellowship to K. Amari) and Scottish Government’s Rural and Environmental Research and Analysis Directorate (to SCRI) is gratefully acknowledged.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK

    Jens Tilsner

  2. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France

    Khalid Amari

  3. Plant Pathology Department, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK

    Lesley Torrance

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  1. Jens Tilsner
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Correspondence to Jens Tilsner.

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Tilsner, J., Amari, K. & Torrance, L. Plasmodesmata viewed as specialised membrane adhesion sites. Protoplasma 248, 39–60 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-010-0217-6

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