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Complete genome sequence of the extreme-pH-resistant Salmonella bacteriophage αα of the family Microviridae

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Abstract

A novel Salmonella bacteriophage (phage), named αα, was the first reported member of the family Microviridae to exhibit tolerance to both extreme acidic and alkaline conditions (pH 2-12 for 1 h). Phage αα has a circular single-stranded DNA genome of 5,387 nt with a G+C content of 44.66%. A total of 11 putative gene products and no tRNA genes are encoded in the phage αα genome. Whole-genome sequence comparisons revealed that phage αα shares 95% identity with coliphage phiX174 and had a close evolutionary relationship to the phages NC1 and NC7. Phylogenetic analysis of the structural proteins of phage αα and 18 other phiX174-like phages showed that a phylogenetic tree based on protein B sequences had a topology similar to that obtained using whole genome sequences. In addition, variable sites in proteins F and G distributed on the surface of the mature capsid and the conserved protein J were probably involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the phage under extreme pH conditions. Our findings could open up new perspectives for identifying more extreme-pH-resistant phages and their structural proteins and understanding the mechanism of phage adaptation and evolution under extreme environmental stress.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870166 and 32001834) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (2017GNC13108).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Mengzhe Li, Hong Lin, Luokai Wang & Jingxue Wang

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  1. Mengzhe Li
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  2. Hong Lin
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  3. Luokai Wang
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  4. Jingxue Wang
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Correspondence to Jingxue Wang.

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Li, M., Lin, H., Wang, L. et al. Complete genome sequence of the extreme-pH-resistant Salmonella bacteriophage αα of the family Microviridae. Arch Virol 166, 325–329 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04880-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04880-4

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