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Genomic and biological characterization of a new member of the genus Phikmvvirus infecting phytopathogenic Ralstonia bacteria

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Abstract

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia spp., soil-borne Gram-negative bacteria, is considered one of the most important plant diseases in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. A large number of bacteriophages capable of lysing or physiologically reprogramming cells of Ralstonia spp. have been reported in Asia. Despite the potential use of these organisms in the management of bacterial wilt, information on viruses that infect Ralstonia spp. is nonexistent in the Americas. We isolated a virus that infects Ralstonia spp. from a soil sample in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Microscopy and genomic and phylogenetic analysis allowed us to classify the virus as a member of the family Podoviridae, genus Phikmvvirus. In spite of its relationship to Ralstonia virus RSB3, an Asian isolate, genomic and biological characteristics showed that the virus isolated in Brazil, tentatively named “Ralstonia virus phiAP1” (phiAP1), belongs to a new species. phiAP1 has EPS depolymerase activity and contains two putative virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases (VAPGHs), which reveals a robust mechanism of pathogenesis. Furthermore, phiAP1 specifically infects Ralstonia solanacearum, R. pseudosolanacearum and R. syzygii, causing cell lysis, but it was not able to infect thirteen other bacteria that were tested. Together, these characteristics highlight the biotechnological potential of this virus for the management of bacterial wilt.

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Acknowledgements

We thank F. Murilo Zerbini and the members of our laboratory for helpful discussions, Karla Ribeiro and Gilmar Valente (Núcleo de Microscopia e Microanálise, CCB/UFV) for assistance with TEM analysis, and Edvaldo Barros (Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, CCB/UFV) for assistance with proteomic analysis. We also thank Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano and Elineide Barbosa de Souza (Dep. de Fitossanidade, UFRPE), Carlos Alberto Lopes (EMBRAPA-CNPH), Valmir Duarte (Agronômica Laboratório de Diagnóstico Fitossanitário), Acelino Couto Alfenas and José Rogério de Oliveira (Dep. de Fitopatologia, UFV), Caitilyn Allen (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and Rosalee Albuquerque Coelho Neto (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia) for providing the bacterial isolates used in this work. ASX was the recipient of a FAPEMIG graduate fellowship, TTML was the recipient of a CNPq undergraduate fellowship, FOS and FPS were the recipients of CNPq graduate fellowships.

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This study was funded by Grant APQ-01926-14 (FAPEMIG) to PAZ.

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  1. Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    André da Silva Xavier

  2. Departamento de Microbiologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Fernanda Pereira da Silva, Thamylles Thuany Mayrink Lima, Flavia Oliveira de Souza & Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini

  3. Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal

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da Silva Xavier, A., da Silva, F.P., Vidigal, P.M.P. et al. Genomic and biological characterization of a new member of the genus Phikmvvirus infecting phytopathogenic Ralstonia bacteria. Arch Virol 163, 3275–3290 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-4006-4

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