Skip to main content
Log in

Different susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection among Chinese native pig breeds

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

China is rich in native pig breeds, yet information regarding the susceptibility/resistance of local breeds to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is lacking. In the present study, an in vitro method based on assessing PRRSV replication in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was established to evaluate PRRSV susceptibility/resistance in a commercial pig breed (Landrace) and five native pig breeds from Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in China. Expression levels of cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ), Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), CD163 (PRRSV receptor), and sialoadhesin (Sn, PRRSV receptor) in infected pigs were determined using real-time PCR, and the association between PRRSV susceptibility/resistance and the abundance of the cytokines and receptors was investigated. The viral replication rate and titer at 0, 6, 12 18, 24 and 36 hours postinfection (hpi) were determined to assess the proliferation dynamics of PRRSV NJGC in PAMs. Based on the PRRSV proliferation dynamics, the results indicated that Dingyuan pigs were the most susceptible to PRRSV infection, whereas Jiangquhai pigs were the least susceptible to PRRSV infection among the six pig breeds tested, as indicated by measuring PRRSV replication and the viral load in PAMs. The different levels of susceptibility to PRRSV infection in PAMs may be associated with differences in the abundance of CD163 (PRRSV receptor), cytokines IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in Jiangquhai and Dingyuan pig breeds after viral inoculation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Xiao S, Mo D, Wang Q, Jia J, Qin L, Yu X, Niu Y, Zhao X, Liu X, Chen Y (2010) Aberrant host immune response induced by highly virulent PRRSV identified by digital gene expression tag profiling. BMC Genom 11(1):544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhang J (2016) Coinfection with type 1 and type 2 PRRSV. Vet Rec 178:288–290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhang HF, Kono H, Kubota S (2014) An integrated epidemiological and economic analysis of vaccination against highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam. Asian-Australasian. J Anim Sci 27:1499–1512

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, Chen N, Li Y, Rowland B, Renukaradhya GJ (2016) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 4:129–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang Q, Yoo D (2015) PRRS virus receptors and their role for pathogenesis. Vet Microbiol 177:229–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhu L, Song H, Zhang X, Xia X, Sun H (2014) Inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusinfection by recombinant adenovirus- and/or exosome-delivered the artificial microRNAs targeting sialoadhesin and CD163 receptors. Virol J 11:225

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang F, Qiu H, Zhang Q, Peng Z, Liu B (2012) Association of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) receptor genes, CD163 and SN with immune traits. Mol Biol Rep 39(4):3971–3976

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Prather RS, Whitworth KM, Schommer SK, Wells KD (2017) Genetic engineering alveolar macrophages for host resistance to PRRSV. Vet Microbiol 209:124–129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Yang H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Shi J, Pan Y, Zhou R, Li G, Li Z, Cai G, Wu Z (2018) CD163 knockout pigs are fully resistant to highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Antiviral Res 151:63–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Suradhat S, Thanawongnuwech R (2003) Upregulation of interleukin-10 gene expression in the leukocytes of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol 84:2755–2760

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ferrarini G, Borghetti P, De Angelis E, Ferrari L, Canelli E, Catella A, De Lecce R, Martelli P (2015) Immunoregulatory signal FoxP3, cytokine gene expression and IFN-γ cell responsiveness upon porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) natural infection. Res Vet Sci 103:96–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Petry DB, Lunney J, Boyd P, Kuhar D, Blankenship E, Johnson RK (2007) Differential immunity in pigs with high and low responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. J Anim Sci 85:2075–2092

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang LL, Liu J, Bai J, Wang XY, Li YF, Jiang P (2013) Comparative expression of toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with different virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates. Virol J 10:135

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jiang C, Xing F, Xing J, Jiang Y, Zhou E (2013) Different expression patterns of PRRSV mediator genes in the lung tissues of PRRSV resistant and susceptible pigs. Dev Comp Immunol 39:127–131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang C, Wu B, Amer S, Luo J, Zhang HM, Guo YH, Dong GY, Zhao BH, He HX (2010) Phylogenetic analysis and molecular characteristic of seven variant Chinese field isolates of PRRSV. BMC Microbiol 10:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCt method. Methods 25:402–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Vincent AL, Thacker BJ, Halbur PG, Rothschild MF, Thacker EL (2006) An investigation of susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusbetween two genetically diverse commercial lines of pigs. J Anim Sci 84:49–57

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ait-Ali T, Wilson AD, Wescott DG (2007) Innate immune response to replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in isolated porcine alveolar macrophages. Viral Immunol 20:105–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Xing J, Xing F, Zhang C, Zhang YJ, Wang N, Li YP, Yang LJ, Jiang CL, Zhang CY, Wen CH, Jiang YL (2014) Genome-wide gene expression profiles in lung tissues of pig breeds differing in resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. PLoS One 9(1):e86101

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Vanderheijden N, Delputte PL, Favoreel HW, Vandekerckhove J, Damme JV, van Woensel PA, Nauwynck HJ (2003) Involvement of sialoadhesin in entry of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into porcine alveolar macrophages. J Virol 77:8207–8215

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Van Gorp H, Van Breedam W, Delputte PL, Nauwynck HJ (2008) Sialoadhesin and CD163 join forces during entry of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol 89:2943–2953

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu YG, Shi WD, Zhou EM, Wang SJ, Hu SP, Cai XH, Rong FL, Wu JB, Xu M, Xu MM, Li LQ (2010) Dynamic changes in inflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Clin Vaccine Immunol 19:1439–1445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Jiang C, Xing F, Xing J, Jiang Y, Zhou E (2013) Different expression patterns of PRRSV mediator genes in the lung tissues of PRRSV resistant and susceptible pigs. Dev Comp Immunol 39(1–2):127–131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Genini S, Delputte PL, Malinverni R, Cecere M, Stella A, Nauwynck HJ, Giuffra E (2008) Genome-wide transcriptional response of primary alveolar macrophages following infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol 89:2550–2564

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lunney JK, Fritz ER, Reecy JM, Kuhar D, Prucnal E, Molina R, Christopher-Hennings J, Zimmerman J, Rowland RR (2010) Interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, and interferon-γ levels are linked to PRRS virus clearance. Viral Immunol 23:127–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gómez-Laguna J, Salguero FJ, Barranco I, Pallarés FJ, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Bernabé A, Carrasco L (2010) Cytokine expression by macrophages in the lung of pigs infected with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Comp Pathol 142:51–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sang Y, Rowland RRR, Blecha F (2011) Interaction between innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Anim Health Res Rev 12:149–167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jung K, Renukaradhya GJ, Alekseev KP, Fang Y, Tang Y, Saif LJ (2009) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus modifies innate immunity and alters disease outcome in pigs subsequently infected with porcine respiratory coronavirus: implications for respiratory viral co-infections. J Gen Virol 90:2713–2723

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang L, Hu S, Liu Q, Li Y, Xu L, Zhang Z, Cai X, He X (2017) Porcine alveolar macrophage polarization is involved in inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication. J Vet Med Sci 79(11):1906–1915

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Bin Li of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine at the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences for providing the PRRSV NJGC strain. This study was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30972075), the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (no. CX (12)2034), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (no. BK20140741).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shaoxian Cao.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Roman Pogranichniy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Meng, C., Su, L., Li, Y. et al. Different susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection among Chinese native pig breeds. Arch Virol 163, 2155–2164 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3821-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3821-y

Navigation