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Identification of a novel reassortant A (H9N6) virus in live poultry markets in Poyang Lake region, China

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Abstract

Live poultry markets (LPM) are one of the most important sources of human infection with avian influenza virus (AIV). During our routine surveillance of AIV, we identified an H9N6 virus (JX-H9N6) in a LPM in Nanchang city, Jiangxi Province, China. Using Bayesian coalescent analysis, it was predicted that JX-H9N6 had originated from a reassortment event between H9N2 and H6N6 AIVs in early 2014, instead of being derived from an H9N6 virus reported previously. Mutations in HA, PB1, PA, M, and NS protein, which could increase mammalian transmission and virulence, were also detected. Currently, both H9N2 and H6N6 AIVs are widely distributed in poultry and contribute to the generation of novel reassortant viruses causing human infection. Our findings highlight the importance of enhanced surveillance in birds for early prediction of human infections.

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Abbreviations

JX:

Jiangxi Province, China

LPM:

Live poultry market

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500208 to Wang and 2016YFC1200200 to Shu); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81460302 to Chen); The Major Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province (20143ACG70004 to Chen).

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Author notes

  1. Heng Zhang and Mingbin Liu contributed equally to this article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China

    Heng Zhang, Xiaoxu Zeng, Xiang Zhao, Lei Yang, Wenbing Chen, Zi Li, Ming Jiao, Yuelong Shu & Dayan Wang

  2. Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, People’s Republic of China

    Mingbin Liu, Zhiqiang Deng, Wen Xia, Bin Han & Haiying Chen

Authors
  1. Heng Zhang
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  3. Xiaoxu Zeng
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Haiying Chen, Yuelong Shu or Dayan Wang.

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Funding

This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500208 to Wang and 2016YFC1200200 to Shu); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81460302 to Chen); The Major Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province (20143ACG70004 to Chen).

Conflict of interest

We declare that we have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Electronic supplementary material

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705_2017_3507_MOESM1_ESM.eps

Supplementary material 1 Fig. 1 Evolutionary relationships between the H9N6, H5N6 and H10N6 viruses. JX-H9N6 is indicated by a black triangle, H5N6 strains isolated from humans are indicated by red triangles while other H9N6 strains are indicated by black squares. The phylogenetic tree of the N6 NA gene was generated using the neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstraps replicates using the MEGA 7.0 software (EPS 2024 kb)

705_2017_3507_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 2 Fig. 2 Yearly distribution of H9N2 strains lacking the potential N-glycosylation site at position 210, 1999–2015 (TIFF 156 kb)

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Zhang, H., Liu, M., Zeng, X. et al. Identification of a novel reassortant A (H9N6) virus in live poultry markets in Poyang Lake region, China. Arch Virol 162, 3681–3690 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3507-x

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