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The gene expression profile of porcine alveolar macrophages infected with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus indicates overstimulation of the innate immune system by the virus

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Abstract

Since the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) variant emerged in 2006, it has caused death in more than 20 million pigs in China and other Southeast Asian countries, making it the most destructive swine pathogen currently in existence. To characterize the cellular responses to HP-PRRSV infection, the gene expression profile of porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells, the primary target cells of PRRSV, was analyzed in HP-PRRSV-infected and uninfected PAMs by suppression subtractive hybridization. After confirmation by Southern blot, genes that were differentially expressed in the HP-PRRSV-infected and uninfected PAMs were sequenced and annotated. Genes that were upregulated mainly in HP-PRRSV-infected PAM cells were related to immunity and cell signaling. Among the differentially expressed genes, Mx1 and HSP70 protein expression was confirmed by western blotting, and IL-8 expression was confirmed by ELISA. In PAM cells isolated from HP-PRRSV-infected piglets, the differential expression of 21 genes, including IL-16, TGF-beta type 1 receptor, epidermal growth factor, MHC-I SLA, Toll-like receptor, hepatoma-derived growth factor, FTH1, and MHC-II SLA-DRB1, was confirmed by real-time PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate differential gene expression between HP-PRRSV-infected and uninfected PAMs in vivo. The results indicate that HP-PRRSV infection excessively stimulates genes involved in the innate immune response, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30901080, 31270045) and the National Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 20090451026, 201003467). The authors thank Dr. Qing-Men Meng and Fu-Shan Tan for technical support with the Southern blotting experiments, and Sheng-Zhi Zhang for the real-time RT-PCR analyses.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, No. 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China

    Yan Xiao, Tong-Qing An, Zhi-Jun Tian, Tian-Chao Wei, Yi-Feng Jiang, Jin-Mei Peng, Yan-Jun Zhou, Xue-Hui Cai & Guang-Zhi Tong

  2. Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, No. 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, China

    Guang-Zhi Tong

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  1. Yan Xiao
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Correspondence to Tong-Qing An or Guang-Zhi Tong.

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Xiao, Y., An, TQ., Tian, ZJ. et al. The gene expression profile of porcine alveolar macrophages infected with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus indicates overstimulation of the innate immune system by the virus. Arch Virol 160, 649–662 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2309-7

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