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Comparison of the replication characteristics of vaccinia virus strains Guang 9 and Tian Tan in vivo and in vitro

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Abstract

Vaccinia virus is widely used as a vector in the development of recombinant vaccines. Vaccinia virus strain Guang 9 (VG9), which was derived from vaccinia virus strain Tian Tan (VTT) by successive plaque-cloning purification, was more attenuated than VTT. In this study, the host cell range and the growth and replication of VG9 were compared with those of VTT. The results showed that both VG9 and VTT could infect permissive cells (Vero, TK-143 and CEF) and semipermissive cells PK (15) and induced a visible cytopathic effect (CPE). Both strains could infect nonpermissive CHO-K1 cells but neither was able to reproduce. The replicative ability of VG9 was a little lower than that of VTT. Additionally, recombinant vaccinia viruses containing a firefly luciferase gene (VG9-L and VTT-L) were constructed, and their expression in vitro and replication and spread in vivo were compared. The expression ability of VG9-L was lower than that of VTT-L. Whole-animal imaging data indicated that VG9-L could reproduce quickly and express the exogenous protein at the site of inoculation, regardless of whether the intramuscular, intracutaneous, subcutaneous or celiac inoculation route was used. VG9-L was better in its ability to express a foreign protein than VTT-L, but the time during which expression occurred was shorter. There was no dissemination of virus in mice inoculated with either strain. In summary, this study demonstrates the possibility of using VG9 for the production of smallpox vaccines or the construction of recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines.

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Abbreviations

VG9:

Vaccinia virus strain Guang 9

VTT:

Vaccinia virus strain Tian Tan

CPE:

Cytopathic effect

CEF:

Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts

FL:

Firefly luciferase

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. John T. Schiller for providing the plasmid encoding the firefly luciferase gene, and Dr. Bernard Moss for providing the plasmid pSC65. We also thank Dr. Jingdong Song for electron microscopy assistance.

Financial support This study was supported by grants from National Science and Technology Major Project (2012ZX10004701-001). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 2 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China

    Rong Zhu, Qiang Liu, Weijin Huang & Youchun Wang

  2. First Department of Viral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantanxili, Beijing, 100050, China

    Yongxin Yu

  3. Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China

    Rong Zhu

Authors
  1. Rong Zhu
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  2. Qiang Liu
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  3. Weijin Huang
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  4. Yongxin Yu
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  5. Youchun Wang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yongxin Yu or Youchun Wang.

Additional information

R. Zhu and Q. Liu contributed equally to this work.

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Zhu, R., Liu, Q., Huang, W. et al. Comparison of the replication characteristics of vaccinia virus strains Guang 9 and Tian Tan in vivo and in vitro . Arch Virol 159, 2587–2596 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2079-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2079-2

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