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A nationwide molecular epidemiological study on hepatitis B virus in Indonesia: identification of two novel subgenotypes, B8 and C7

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Abstract

Upon phylogenetic analysis of a partial S gene sequence [396 nucleotides (nt)], 928 hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains obtained from 899 viremic subjects in 28 major cities on 15 islands of Indonesia in 1989–2007 segregated into four HBV genotypes. Genotype B was predominant (66%), followed by genotype C (26%), genotype D (7%), and genotype A (0.8%). Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the 396-nt S gene sequence of 928 HBV isolates and whole genomic sequences of 25 selected HBV isolates revealed a total of 14 subgenotypes within genotypes A–D: two (A1 and A2) in genotype A (HBV/A), five (B2, B3, B5, B7, and a novel subgenotype, tentatively designated B8) in HBV/B, five (C1, C2, C5, C6, and another novel subgenotype, C7) in HBV/C, and two (D1 and D3) in HBV/D. The distribution of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes, including B8 and C7, seems to be associated with ethnological origins in Indonesia.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The authors are grateful to Dr. Patiiha and Dr. Achwan WA as well as all of the people who helped us to collect blood samples for their invaluable contributions.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Fumio Tsuda

    Present address: Aikawa Internal Medicine Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia

    Mulyanto & Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede

  2. West Nusa Tenggara Hepatitis Laboratory, Mataram, Indonesia

    Mulyanto & Kiely Surayah

  3. Department of Medical Sciences, Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Fumio Tsuda

  4. Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan

    Koji Ichiyama, Masaharu Takahashi & Hiroaki Okamoto

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  1. Mulyanto
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  7. Hiroaki Okamoto
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroaki Okamoto.

Additional information

The nucleotide sequence data reported in this study have been assigned DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession numbers AP011084–AP011108 for 25 entire HBV genomes and AB466339–AB467266 for 928 partial HBV sequences.

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Mulyanto, Depamede, S.N., Surayah, K. et al. A nationwide molecular epidemiological study on hepatitis B virus in Indonesia: identification of two novel subgenotypes, B8 and C7. Arch Virol 154, 1047–1059 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0406-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0406-9

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