Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization and evaluation of genetic diversity of some old cypress genotypes (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Iran using leaf mineral concentration, biochemical characteristics and SSR markers

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study genetic diversity of some old trees of Cupressus sempervirens L. in central and southeastern part of Iran, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) to reveal their genetic relationships. Biochemical characteristics of leaf and mineral concentration with markers datasets were used in this study. Fourteen biochemical and leaf mineral concentration were also studied. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into two main clusters each consisting of genotypes with high leaf copper and sodium concentration, respectively. Eight primer pairs produced a total 40 fragments, with an average 5 fragment per primer pair, of which 32 were polymorphic. According to SSR data, the genotypes were separated into three groups. The oldest genotypes of C. sempervirens were located in the same group. Based on the present study, leaf minerals can be used to separate the genotypes of cypress geographically, but they are not efficient as markers for studying genetic relationship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abrishami MH (2005) Cypress in Iran culture and Achamenid inscriptions. In: Afshar I (ed) Iran studies researches (Memorandum of Mahmood Afshar). 15:9–29

  • Adams RP (2000) Systematics of Juniperus section Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Biochem Syst Ecol 28:515–528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adams RB (2001) Geographic variation in leaf essential oils and RAPDs of Juniperus polycarpos K. Kochin Central Asia. Biochem Syst Ecol 29:609–619

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Afzal-Rafii Z, Dodd RS (1994) Biometrical variability of foliage and cone characters in Cupressus bakeri (Cupressaceae). Plant Syst Evol 192:151–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bagnoli F, Vendramin GG, Buonamici A, Doulis A, Gonzalez-Martinez C, La Porta N, Raddi P, Sebastiani F, Fineschi S (2009) Is Cupressus sempervirens native to Italy? An answer from genetic and paleobotanical data. Mol Ecol 18:2267–2286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartel JA, Adams RP, James SA, Mumba LE, Pandey RN (2003) Variation among Cupressus species from western hemisphere based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs. Biochem Syst Ecol 31:693–702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Battisti A, Cantini R, Rouault G, Roques A (2003) Serotinous cones of Cupressus sempervirens provide viable seeds in spite of high seed predation. Ann For Sci 60:781–787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Capuana M, Gannini R (1997) Micropropagation of young and adult plants of cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.). J Hort Sci 72:453–460

    Google Scholar 

  • Capuana M, Lambardi ML (1995) Cutting propagation of common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.). New For 9:111–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman HD, Prah DF (1961) Methods of analysis for soil, plant and water. University of California Agricultural Science, Davis, pp 60–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Danti R, Rocca GD, Panconesi A (2013) Cypress canker. In: Gonthier P, Nocolotti G (eds) Infectoos forest diseases. CAB International. Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • De Magistris AA (2001) Germination of serotinous cones in Cupressus spp. Israel J Sci 49:253–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doulis AG, Harfouche AL, Arvanopoulos FA (1999) Rapid, high quality DNA isolation from cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) needles and optimization of the RAPD marker technique. Plant Mol Biol Rep 17:1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckenwalder JE (2009) Conifers of the world, the complete reference. Timber Press Inc, USA, p 720

    Google Scholar 

  • Emami SA, Hassanzadeh Khayyat M, Rahimzadeh M, Fazly-Bazza BS, Assili J (2004) Chemical constituents of Cupressus sempervirens cv. cereiformis Rehd. essential oils. Iran J Phar Sci 1:39–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallis AT, Doulis AG, Papagergiou AC (2007) Variability of cortex terpene composition in Cupressus sempervirens L. provenances grown in Crete, Greece. Silva Genet 56:294–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Giovanelli A, De Carlo A (2007) Micropropagation of Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.). In: Jain SM, Haggman H (eds) Protocols for micropropagation of woody trees and fruits. pp 93–105

  • Hafezi Shahroodian S, Azadfar D, Soltanloo H, Ramezanpour S (2011) Genetic variability in natural Iranian populations of Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis in Caspian Sea coastward assessed by SSR markers. POJ 4:19–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Hao B, Li W, Linchun M, Li Y, Rui Z, Mingxia T, Weikai B (2006) A study of conservation genetics in Cupressus chengiana, an endangered endemic of China, using ISSSR markers. J Biochem Genet 44:29–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman HT, Kester DE, Davis FT, Geneve RL (2011) Hartman and Kester’s plant propagation, principles and practices. Prentice Hall, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Irigoyen JJ, Emerich DW, Sanchez-Diaz M (1992) Water stress induced changing concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Plant Physiol 84:67–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isfendiyaroglu M, Zeker E (2002) The relation between phenolic compound and seed dormancy in Pistacia spp. In: Akb E (ed) 11 Grema Serr Pistachios and Almond. Chieresoptins Mediterraneenes, pp. 232–277

  • Karimi HR, Kafkas S, Zamani Z, Ebadi A, Fatahi MR (2009) Genetic relationships among species and cultivars of Pistacia using AFLP marker. Plant Syst Evol 279:21–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi HR, Farahmand H, Hashemipour M (2013) Morphological diversity of some old genotypes of Cupressus Sempervirens L. in Iran. Plant Syst Evol 299:1379–1386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manescu C, Hamamouch N, Maios C, Harfouche A, Doulis AG, Aravanopoulos FA (2011) Linkage mapping of the Mediterranean cypress, Cupressus sempervirens, based on molecular and morphological markers. Gen Mol Res 10:1891–1909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milchi KL (2010) Cone Serotiny and Seed Viability of Fire-Prone California Cupressus Species. Ph.D. thesis. The Faculty of Humboldt State University

  • Mohammadi H, Kazemi Sh, Farahmand H (2014) Phaeoacremonium and Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) decline in Kerman province (Iran). Phytopathologia Medit 53:27–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosazadeh-Sayadmahaleh F, Habibi Bibalani Gh (2010) Application of the Cypress in poems by Rodaki Samarghandi. Inter J Acad Res 2:356–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosazadeh-Sayadmahaleh F, Esmaeilzadeh-Estakhrbijar Y, Habibi Bibalani Gh (2011) Roles of Cypress in poems of Hafez. Inter J Acad Res 3:322–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Mozaffarian VA (2003) A dictionary of Iranian plant names (Latin, English, Persian). Farhang-e-Moaser, Tehran, p 671

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA (1954) Estimation of available phosphorous in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 939, US Gov. Print. Office, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Otto A, Wilde V (2001) Sesqui, di, and triterpenoids as chemosystematic markers in extant conifers: a review. The Bot Rev 67:141–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou AC, Finkeldey R, Hattemer HH, Xenopoulos S (2005) Genetic differences between autochthonous and breeding populations of common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece. Eur J For Res 124:119–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou AC, Panetsos KP, Hattermer HH (1994) Genetic differentiation of natural Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) populations in Greece. For Gen 1:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Raddi S, Sumer S (1999) Genetic diversity in natural Cupressus sempervirens L. populations in Turkey. Biochem Sys Evol 27:799–814

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramdani M, Lograda J (2008) Foliar sesquiterpene variation in natural populations of Cupressus dupreziana in Tassili N, Ajjer (Algeria). Asian J Plant Sci 8:59–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohle JF (2004) NTSYS––pc: 2.11 numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.11. Exeter Publishing, Ltd, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Roques A, Markalas S, Roux G, Pan YZ, Suan JH, Raimbault JP (1999) Impact of insects damaging seed cones of cypress Cupressus sempervirens, in natural stands and plantations of southeastern. Eur Ann For Sci 56:167–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabeti HA (2003) Forests, trees and shrubs of Iran. Publication Center of Science and Technology University, Iran (In Persian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebastiani F, Bluonamici A, Finesci S, Raccni ML, Raddi P, Vendramin GG (2005) Novel polymorphic nuclear microsatellites in C. sempervirens L. Mol Ecol Notes 5:393–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sfairi Y, Lachen O, Abdelaziz A (2012) Breaking seed dormancy in Cupressus atlantica Gaussen, an endemic and threatened coniferous tree in Morocco. J For Res 23:385–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi G, Zhou Z, Xie Z (2011) Cupressus foliage shoots and associated seed cones from the oligocene ningming formation of Guangxi, South China. Rev Paleobot Palynol 166:325–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JA (2010) Seiridium canker of leyland cypress. School of Forest Resource and Conservation, Florida Cooperation Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida FOR279. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

  • Spanos KA, Pirri A, Woodward S (1997) Micropropagation of Cupressus sempervirens L. and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Par. Silva Genet 46:291–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparapano L, Bruno G (2004) Cupressus callus and cell suspension cultures: effect of seiridins on their growth and sensitivity. In vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 40:617–625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stankova T, Panetsos K (1997) Vegetative propagation of Cupressus sempervirens L. of Cretan origin by softwood stem cuttings. Silva Genet 46:137–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Uma S, Sudha S, Saraswathi MS, Nickavasagam M (2004) Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among indigenous and exotic Silk (AAB) group of bananas using RAPD markers. J Hort Sci Biot 79:523–527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xenopoulos S, Tsopelas P (2000) Sphaeropsis canker, a new disease of cypress in Greece. For Path 30:121–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xia T, Meng L, Kao K, Tian B, Miehe G, Liu J (2008) Genetic variation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau endemic and endangered conifer Cupressus gigantea detected using RAPD and ISSR markers. Silva Genet 57:85–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu T, Abbott RJ, Minle RI, Mao K, Du FK, Wu G, Ciren Z, Miehe G, Liu J (2010) Phylogeography and allopatric divergence of cypress (Cupressus L.) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions. Evol Biol 10:194

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang ZY, Ran JH, Wang XQ (2012) Tree genome-based phylogeny of Cupressaceae: further evidence for the evolution of gymnosperms and Southern Hemisphere biogeography. Mol Phylogen Evol 64:452–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

    Homayoun Farahmand

  2. Department of Horticultural Science, Azad University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran

    Mohammad Hashemipour

  3. Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Hamid Reza Karimi & Vahed Bagheri

  4. Horticultural Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

    Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad

Authors
  1. Homayoun Farahmand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Hashemipour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hamid Reza Karimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Vahed Bagheri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hamid Reza Karimi.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOC 362 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Farahmand, H., Hashemipour, M., Karimi, H.R. et al. Characterization and evaluation of genetic diversity of some old cypress genotypes (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Iran using leaf mineral concentration, biochemical characteristics and SSR markers. Plant Syst Evol 301, 761–772 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1115-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1115-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation