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Electrochemical sensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified by polymelamine formaldehyde/graphene oxide nanocomposite for ultrasensitive detection of oxycodone

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Abstract

Polymelamine formaldehyde/graphene oxide (PMF/GO) nanocomposite was used, for the first time, to study the ultrasensitive and selective electrochemical detection of oxycodone (OXC). The successful characterization of PMF/GO was verified based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. The modified GCE (PMF/GO-GCE) proved its electrocatalytic effect on OXC determination according to cyclic, linear sweep, and differential pulse voltammetry (CV, LSV, and DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. The developed sensor under optimal conditions offered a linear relationship in a limited range of  0.01 to 45 μmol L−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 2.0 nmol L−1. The proposed PMF/GO-GCE sensor was effectively employed for the OXC detection in human urine and serum samples.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Research Council of Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), the Center of Excellence in Sensor and Green Chemistry, for providing equipment and essential materials during this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I.R., 84156-83111, Iran

    Hossein Khosropour, Behzad Rezaei, Hossein A. Alinajafi & Ali A. Ensafi

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  1. Hossein Khosropour
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  2. Behzad Rezaei
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  3. Hossein A. Alinajafi
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Correspondence to Behzad Rezaei.

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Khosropour, H., Rezaei, B., Alinajafi, H.A. et al. Electrochemical sensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified by polymelamine formaldehyde/graphene oxide nanocomposite for ultrasensitive detection of oxycodone. Microchim Acta 188, 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04655-3

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