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1,5-Anhydroglucitol × glycated hemoglobin A1c/100 as a potential biomarker for islet β-cell function among patients with type 2 diabetes

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Abstract

Aims

This study aimed to explore the level of and changes in the 1,5-anhydroglucitol × glycated hemoglobin A1c/100 (AH index, AHI) associated with different glucose metabolism statuses and to evaluate the islet function and insulin sensitivity of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with different AHI levels.

Methods

Of the 3562 subjects enrolled in this study, 1697 had T2DM. The disposition index (DI) was the product of islet secretion function and insulin sensitivity-related indexes.

Results

The mean AHI level was 1.0 (0.7–1.3) in the general population, while the mean AHI level in the T2DM group was 0.8 (0.5–1.2), which was significantly lower than that in the impaired glucose regulation and normal glucose tolerance group (both 1.2 (0.9–1.5), both P < 0.01). We further divided patients with T2DM into four subgroups according to the quartile of AHI. The results showed that with the increase in AHI level, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased, while HOMA-β, insulin generation index, insulin sensitivity index, and DI increased (all Pfor trend < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds ratios for a low DI for increasing levels of AHI were 1.00, 0.22 (0.16–0.29), 0.16 (0.11–0.22), and 0.09 (0.06–0.13), showing a decreasing trend (Pfor trend < 0.05).

Conclusion

The AHI could reflect the variation in glycemic disorder and the function of islet β cells. The lower the AHI, the worse the glycemic disorder, as well as the islet β-cell function.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all of the involved clinicians, nurses, and technicians for dedicating their time and skills to the completion of this study. We would like to thank all participants for their dedication to data collection and laboratory measurements.

Funding

This work was funded by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission—Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support (20161430) and Shanghai United Developing Technology Project of Municipal Hospitals (SHDC12016108).

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Author notes

  1. Hang Su and Xiaojing Ma have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China

    Hang Su, Xiaojing Ma, Yun Shen, Xingxing He, Lingwen Ying, Wei Zhu, Yufei Wang, Yuqian Bao & Jian Zhou

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  1. Hang Su
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Contributions

JZ designed the study. HS, LY, and XH collected the data. HS analyzed the data and wrote the draft. XM, YS, WZ, YW, and YB provided technical support. XM and JZ revised the paper and contributed to the discussion. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jian Zhou.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital and was in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Su, H., Ma, X., Shen, Y. et al. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol × glycated hemoglobin A1c/100 as a potential biomarker for islet β-cell function among patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 57, 439–446 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01452-0

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