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Late Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Ulukışla Basin: progressive basin development in south-central Turkey

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Abstract

The Ulukışla Basin is one of the most important late Cretaceous-Cenozoic basins in central Anatolia. The basin is surrounded by the Bolkar Mountains of Tauride Platform in the south, the Niğde Massif of Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex to the north, and the Ecemiş Fault Zone and Aladağ Mountains in the east. The fact that time interval proposed for the formation of Ulukışla Basin is quite wide and more than one tectonic regime prevailed in the region, have led to various suggestions concerning the evolution of the basin. While the suggestions majorly examine the character of the basin during the late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic, the number of detailed studies on the status of the basin in the late Cenozoic is limited. In this study, we focused on the less-studied late Cenozoic evolution to differentiate the tectonic phases that controlled the development of Ulukışla Basin through structural data, and elaborate the responses of sedimentation and paleogeography during this period through detailed facies analyses. Our findings indicate that the Ulukışla Basin, which started to develop as a supradetachment basin in the late Cretaceous, has continued its extensional development progressively during its Cenozoic history. While the relatively well-studied early Cenozoic sequences represent a marine environment that was rapidly changed shallow- to deep-sea environment and then gained a shallow character by the middle Eocene, sedimentary features and fossil contents of the late Cenozoic units characterize deposition started in a paralic environment changing into a terrestrial environment rapidly, as a result of isolation by the uplifting of surrounding topographies while the basin continues its development under an extensional tectonic regime. However, the extensional basin history surceased in post-middle Eocene and post-middle Miocene, probably caused by the closing processes of the different branches of Neotethys Ocean.

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Fig. 1
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[modified from Demirtaşlı et al. (1975), Atabey et al. (1990), Ulu (2009) and Alan et al. (2011a, b)). Bolkar Thrust Fault - Demirtaşlı et al. (1975); Niğde Detachment Fault—Whitney and Dilek (1997, 1998); Niğde Fault—Koçyiğit (2003); Ecemiş Fault Zone—Emre et al. (2011); İvriz Detachment Fault - Seyitoğlu et al. (2017)]

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(modified from Demirtaşlı et al. 1975; Alan et al. 2011a; Gürbüz 2016; Seyitoğlu et al. 2017) including the fossil contents of the basin-fill units

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Acknowledgements

This study is a part of the PhD Thesis of E.G. supervised by A.G. and G.S., and was funded by Aksaray University Scientific Research Projects (BAP Project No: 2013/71). E.G. also acknowledges support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK BİDEB2211-A) during her PhD and international research fellowship support from the Higher Education Council of Turkey (YÖK), and is grateful to Leigh Royden for fruitful discussions on regional tectonics and contributions. The authors are grateful to Nizamettin Kazancı, Hükmü Orhan and Alper Gürbüz for their helps on the sedimentary interpretations, to Veysel Işık, Özgür Yedek, Tahsin Onur Yücel and Gülşen Akan for their support in the field, to Elif Akıska for thin section interpretations, to Atike Nazik for the help on clarifying the environmental interpretations of some important fossils, and to Alastair Robertson, Nuretdin Kaymakçı and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments and suggestions that improved the quality of the manuscript significantly.

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  1. Aksaray Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi Harita, Mühendisliği Bölümü, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey

    Esra Gürbüz

  2. Ankara Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Tektonik Araştırma Grubu, 06830, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey

    Gürol Seyitoğlu

  3. Aksaray Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey

    Esra Gürbüz & Ayşegül Güney

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  1. Esra Gürbüz
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  3. Ayşegül Güney
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Correspondence to Esra Gürbüz.

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Gürbüz, E., Seyitoğlu, G. & Güney, A. Late Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Ulukışla Basin: progressive basin development in south-central Turkey. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 109, 345–371 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-019-01805-8

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