Skip to main content
Log in

Multiscale overlapping blocks binarized statistical image features descriptor with flip-free distance for face verification in the wild

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Neural Computing and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, an effective face verification system based on a fusion of the multiscale overlapping blocks binarized statistical image features (BSIF) descriptor and a flip-free distance is proposed. First, we propose a BSIF with overlapping blocks descriptor and extend it to a multiscale framework. Then, after applying dimensionality reduction, the projected vectors for each scale are scored using two prevalent face verification classifiers: triangular similarity metric learning and the Joint Bayesian method. Moreover, a flip-free distance is applied to boost overall performance. Finally, the different scores for different scales are fused using a support vector machine to further improve performance. We evaluate the proposed face verification system under restricted and unrestricted protocols, for which, in both cases, we achieve very competitive results (90.05 and 93.41%) for the problem of face verification on the Labeled Faces in the Wild dataset.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Huang GB, Ramesh M, Berg T, Learned-Miller E (2007) Labeled faces in the wild: a database for studying face recognition in unconstrained environments. Tech Rep, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, pp 7–49

  2. Ding C, Choi J, Tao D et al (2016) Multi-directional multi-level dual-cross patterns for robust face recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 38(3):518–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhu X, Lei Z, Yan J, Yi D, Li S (2015) High-fidelity pose and expression normalization for face recognition in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp 787–796

  4. Ouamane A et al (2014) Multi scale multi descriptor local binary features and exponential discriminant analysis for robust face authentication. In: International conference on image processing, pp 313-317

  5. Huang C, Zhu S, Yu K et al (2011) Large scale strongly supervised ensemble metric learning, with applications to face verification and retrieval. In: NEC Technical Report TR115, p 8

  6. Chen D, Cao X, Wen F, Sun J (2013) Blessing of dimensionality: high-dimensional feature and its efficient compression for face verification. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp 3025–3032

  7. Simonyan K, Parkhi O M, Vedaldi A, Zisserman A (2013) Fisher vector faces in the wild. In: Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), vol 1, p 7

  8. Nguyen HV, Bai L (2010) Cosine similarity metric learning for face verification. In: Asian Conference on Computer Vision. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 709–720

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Zheng L, Idrissi K, Garcia C et al (2015) Triangular similarity metric learning for face verification. In: The 11th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2015)

  10. Ouamane A, Bengherabi M, Hadid A, Cheriet M (2015) Side-information based exponential discriminant analysis for face verification in the wild. In: Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), 2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on IEEE, vol 2, pp 1–6

  11. Juefeixu F, Luu K, Savvides M et al (2015) Spartans : single-sample periocular-based alignment-robust recognition technique applied to non-frontal scenarios. IEEE Trans Image Process 24(12):4780–4795

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Hassner T, Harel S, Paz E, Enbar R (2015) Effective face frontalization in unconstrained images. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp 4295–4304

  13. Hu J, Lu J, Yuan J, Tan YP (2015) Large Margin multi-metric learning for face and Kinship verification in the Wild. In: Cremers D, Reid I, Saito H, Yang MH (eds) Computer Vision -- ACCV 2014. ACCV 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 9005. Springer, Cham, pp 252–267

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hu J, Lu J, Yuan J, Tan YP (2014) Discriminative deep metric learning for face verification in the wild. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp 1875–1882

  15. Cao Z, Yin Q, Tang X, Sun J (2010) Face recognition with learning-based descriptor. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp 2707–2714

  16. Seo HJ, Milanfar P (2011) Face verification using the LARK representation. IEEE Trans Inf Forensic Secur 6(4):1275–1286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cui Z, Li W, Xu D, Shan S, Chen X (2013) Fusing robust face region descriptors via multiple metric learning for face recognition in the wild. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp 3554–3561

  18. Chen D, Cao X, Wang L, Wen F, Sun J (2012) Bayesian face revisited: a joint formulation. In: Fitzgibbon A, Lazebnik S, Perona P, Sato Y, Schmid C (eds) ECCV, vol 7574. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 566–579

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Prince S, Li P, Fu Y, Mohammed U, Elder JH (2012) Probabilistic models for inference about identity. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 34(1):144–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Guillaumin M, Verbeek J, Schmid C (2009) Is that you? Metric learning approaches for face identification. In: ICCV, pp 498–505

  21. Barkan O, Weill J, Wolf L, Aronowitz H (2013) Fast high dimensional vector multiplication face recognition. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision

  22. Sun Y, Wang X, Tang X (2013) Hybrid deep learning for face verification. In: Proceeding International Conference on Computer Vision, pp 1489–1496

  23. Liang Y, Ding X, Xue J, Xue J-H (2015) Advanced joint Bayesian method for face verification. IEEE Trans Inf Forens Secur 10(2):346–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Taigman Y, Yang M, Ranzato M, Wolf L (2014) Deepface: closing the gap to human-level performance in face verification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp 1701–1708

  25. Sun Y, Chen X, Wang X, Tang X (2014) Deep learning face representation by joint identification-verification. In: Ghahramani Z, Welling M, Cortes C, Lawrence N, Weinberger K (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems. Curran associates, Inc., New York, pp 1988–1996

  26. Lu C, Tang X (2014) Surpassing human-level face verification performance on LFW with GaussianFace. In: Proceedings of the 29th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. arXiv:1404.3840

  27. Kannala J, Rahtu E (2012) BSIF: binarized statistical image features. In: Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2012 21st International Conference on IEEE, pp 1363–1366

  28. Huang D, Shan CX, Ardabilian M et al (2011) Local binary patterns and its application to facial image analysis: a survey. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 41(6):765–781

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ahonen T et al (2008) Recognition of blurred faces using Local phase quantization. In: international conference on pattern recognition, pp 1–4

  30. Chan CH, Tahir MA, Kittler J et al (2013) Multiscale local phase quantization for robust component-based face recognition using Kernel fusion of multiple descriptors. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 35(5):1164–1177. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2012.199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chan C H, Kittler J, Messer K (2007) Multi-scale local binary pattern histograms for face recognition. In: International conference on biometrics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 809–818

  32. Arashloo SR, Kittler J (2014) Class-specific Kernel fusion of multiple descriptors for face verification using multiscale binarised statistical image features. IEEE Trans Inf Forens Secur 9(12):2100–2109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Davis J V, Kulis B, Jain P, Sra s, Dhillon IS (2007) Information-theoretic metric learning. In: Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning. ACM, pp 209–216

  34. Cao Q, Ying Y, Li P (2013) Similarity metric learning for face recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp 2408–2415

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61402307), and National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China (No.2013YQ49087903).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Menglong Yang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geng, T., Yang, M., You, Z. et al. Multiscale overlapping blocks binarized statistical image features descriptor with flip-free distance for face verification in the wild. Neural Comput & Applic 30, 3243–3252 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-017-2918-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-017-2918-7

Keywords

Navigation