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Optimization of 5.5-GHz CMOS LNA parameters using firefly algorithm

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Abstract

This paper presents an optimal design of low noise amplifier (LNA) using an efficient swarm-based optimizer called firefly algorithm (FA). Many researchers have used firefly algorithm to solve various nonlinear engineering problems and reported outstanding results. In view of this, FA is implemented for the first time in this paper to optimize the parameters of LNA like gain and noise figure (NF). Two case studies have been performed which includes the minimization of NF and maximization of gain. Optimization of these two parameters has been carried out by considering each parameter as a single objective function. Penalty factor method is considered for handling the constraints. Other parameters of LNA like power consumption, linearity, and stability are also discussed for both the cases. The designed LNA has a cascode structure with inductive source degeneration topology and is implemented in UMC 0.18-μm CMOS technology using CADENCE software. LNA is designed for 5.5-GHz frequency. The performance of FA in optimizing the parameters of LNA is also compared with the performance of other similar contemporary algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO), human behavior PSO (HB-PSO), backtracking search algorithm, and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). The optimized value of LNA parameter using FA and other algorithms when simulated in MATLAB environment is compared with the simulated result of CADENCE. Statistical analysis is also performed for each case study, and the results are compared with the above-mentioned optimization algorithms. Simulation results, comparative study, and statistical analysis confirm the superiority of FA over other methods in terms of its computational efficiency, consistency, and robustness.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of ECE, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India

    Ram Kumar & Fazal A. Talukdar

  2. Department of EE, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India

    Abhishek Rajan

  3. Department of IT, Techno India College of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Nilanjan Dey

  4. School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India

    V. Santhi

  5. Faculty of Engineering, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Arad, Romania

    Valentina E. Balas

Authors
  1. Ram Kumar
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  2. Abhishek Rajan
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  3. Fazal A. Talukdar
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  4. Nilanjan Dey
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  5. V. Santhi
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  6. Valentina E. Balas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ram Kumar.

Appendix

Appendix

1.1 Optimization parameter settings

See Table 9.

Table 9 Optimization parameter settings for case-1 and case-2
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1.2 Simulation environment (CADENCE platform)

See Table 10.

Table 10 Simulation environment of CADENCE
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1.3 Flowchart of other algorithms

See Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24.

Fig. 21
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Flowchart of HB-PSO

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Fig. 22
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Flowchart of BSA

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Fig. 23
figure 23

Flowchart of cuckoo search algorithm

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Fig. 24
figure 24

Flowchart of particle swarm optimization

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Kumar, R., Rajan, A., Talukdar, F.A. et al. Optimization of 5.5-GHz CMOS LNA parameters using firefly algorithm. Neural Comput & Applic 28, 3765–3779 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2267-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2267-y

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