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Outcomes and risk factors for unplanned delivery at home and before arrival to the hospital

Nicht geplante Geburten zu Hause beziehungsweise vor Ankunft im Spital: Ergebnisse und Risikofaktoren

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An Erratum to this article was published on 01 February 2011

Zusammenfassung

EINLEITUNG: Ziel der Studie war es, die Ergebnisse und Risikofaktoren nicht geplanter Geburten zu Hause und vor Ankunft im Spital in der Region Marburg, Slowenien, zu analysieren. METHODEN: Wir verwendeten die Daten der medizinischen Dokumentationen aller Geburten der Region Marburg vom jahre 1997 bis zum Jahr 2005. Wir analysierten insgesamt 17846 Geburten der Jahresberichte des Marburger Universitäts-Spitals. ERGEBNISSE: Von den 17.846 Geburten handelte es sich bei 58 (3,2%) um Geburten, die ungeplant zu Hause beziehungsweise am Weg ins Spital stattfanden. Der Vergleich der Sicherheit mit den Geburten im Spital ergab, dass diese ungefähr 7 mal sicherer sind als die ungeplanten Geburten zu Hause. Dies ergibt sich durch den Vergleich der perinatalen Mortalität, die bei den ungeplanten Geburten zu Hause 68% im Vergleich zu 8,8% bei den Geburten im Spital betrug. Auch die Frühgeburtenrate war bei den ungeplanten Hausgeburten mit 13 (22%) im Vergleich zu 1399 (8%) bei den Geburten im Spital höher. Ungeplante Geburten zu Hause beziehungsweise am Weg ins Spital waren bei Multipara häufiger (4:1 verglichen mit 1:1 bei Geburten im Spital). Während die Geburten im Spital alle nach überwachter Schwangerschaft erfolgten, waren ein Drittel der ungeplanten Geburten zu Hause oder am Weg ins Spital ohne Betreuung während der Schwangerschaft. 55,2% der Mütter, die ungeplant zu Hause oder am Weg ins Spital gebaren hatten keine höhere Bildung. Bei den Müttern, die im Spital niederkamen war der Anteil mit höherer Bildung bei 87,4 %. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Geburten, die ungeplant zu Hause oder am Weg ins Spital stattfanden, hatten eine höhere Rate der perinatalen Morbidität im Vergleich zu Geburten im Spital. Folgende Faktoren begünstigen die Prävalenz ungeplanter Geburten zu Hause: Mehrfachgeburt, fehlende Schwangerschaftsbetreuung, Familienstand, niedriger Bildungsgrad. Zusätzliche Bemühungen, die pränatale Betreuung zu verbessern und soziale Verwundbarkeiten zu erkennen würden möglicherweise die Zahl ungeplanter Geburten zu Hause reduzieren und damit das perinatale Outcome verbessern.

Summary

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes and risk factors for unplanned delivery at home and before arrival to the hospital in Maribor region, Slovenia. METHODS: We used data from medical records of all deliveries in Maribor region from the year 1997 to the year 2005. We analysed a total of 17,846 births from annual reports of the Maribor University Hospital. RESULTS: Among the total of 17,846 births, there were 58 (3.2‰) unplanned births at home and on the way to the hospital. The study based on the data from medical records on safety of unplanned home birth reveals that hospital delivery is approximately 7 times safer than unplanned home delivery. This conclusion is reached by comparing perinatal mortality, which was 68‰ for unplanned deliveries at home versus 8.8‰ for deliveries at hospital. The prematurity was more common in unplanned home deliveries: 13 (22%) versus 1399 (8%) for hospital deliveries. Unplanned deliveries at home and on the way to the hospital were more common in multiparous women (ratio 4:1 compared to 1:1 for hospital births). When for all hospital deliveries the pregnancies were followed, for one third of unplanned deliveries at home or on the way to the hospital the pregnancies were not monitored. Mothers who gave birth at home or on the way to the hospital were without higher education (i.e. 55.2%) and mothers who gave birth in hospital were with higher education (i.e. 87.4%). CONCLUSIONS: There was higher rate of perinatal morbidity for unplanned home deliveries compared to hospital deliveries. Factors that make unplanned home deliveries more common are high parity, absence or inadequacy of antenatal care, marital status and lower education. Some conditions in newborn, such as hypothermia, were clearly the result of unplanned birth at home. Additional effort to improve antenatal care and also identifying social vulnerabilities would possibly decrease the number of unplanned deliveries and improve the perinatal outcomes.

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Correspondence to Zlatko Lazić.

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Lazić, Z., Takač, I. Outcomes and risk factors for unplanned delivery at home and before arrival to the hospital. Wien Klin Wochenschr 123, 11–14 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-010-1505-z

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