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Suicide among Viennese minors, 1946–2002

Suizid unter Wiener Minderjährigen 1946–2002

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Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRUND: Das erste dokumentierte Treffen zum Thema "Suizide unter Schülern" fand 1910 in der Wiener Psychoanalytischen Vereinigung in Wien statt. Insgesamt jedoch sind wissenschaftliche Arbeiten über Suizid im Kindes- und Jugendalter in Wien und Österreich rar. Wir untersuchten Suizidfälle unter Wiener Minderjährigen bezüglich Prävalenz, geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede, Suizidmethoden und monatlicher Verteilung während einer Zeitspanne von 57 Jahren. STUDIENDESIGN: Es wurden Suizidfälle unter Wiener Jugendlichen im Alter von 19 Jahren oder jünger aus dem Zeitraum von 1946 bis 2002 (n = 683) untersucht. ERGEBNISSE: Die Gesamtsuizidrate der Wiener Minderjährigen sowie die Suizidrate für beide Geschlechter fiel während der Beobachtungsperiode ab. Die durchschnittliche Suizidrate war 6,2/100.000 mit einem Verhältnis Männer zu Frauen von 2,1:1 (Suizide pro 100.000 Einwohner waren nur für die Zeitspanne 1953–2002 verfügbar). Das am häufigsten verwendete Suizidmittel war Haushaltsgas bis zur Entgiftung des Wiener Stadtgases. Ab dem Jahr 1976 wurden die Suizide durch Sturz aus der Höhe zur vorherrschenden Methode unter Wiener Minderjährigen. Darüber hinaus war der Sturz aus der Höhe auch die häufigste Suizidmethode unter Mädchen und das Erhängen am häufigsten unter Jungen. Seit 1996 haben sich die Suizide durch Erschießen unter Jungen prozentuell verdoppelt, während sich Suizide durch Sturz aus der Höhe unter Mädchen verdreifachten. Ein häufigeres Vorkommen von Suiziden unter Minderjährigen konnte in den Monaten Jänner, Juni, Oktober und Dezember beobachtet werden. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die Suizidrate unter Wiener Minderjährigen ist in Übereinstimmung mit dem Abfall der Gesamtsuizidrate in Österreich rückläufig. Angesichts des rezenten Anstiegs der Suizide durch Erschießen unter Jungen sowie der Suizide durch Sturz aus der Höhe bei Mädchen, sind neben einem weiteren Monitoring auch entsprechende gesetzliche und ökologische Präventionsmaßnahmen notwendig.

Summary

OBJECTIVES: The first documented conference on suicide among school pupils was held by the Viennese Psychoanalytical Society in 1910, yet since then research on youth suicide in Vienna and Austria has been sparse. We investigated cases of suicide among Viennese minors over a period of 57 years in terms of prevalence, gender differences, suicide methods and monthly distribution. METHODS: We studied registered suicides among Viennese youths aged 19 or younger occurring between 1946 and 2002 (n = 683). RESULTS: The total suicide rate and the rates for male and female suicides among Viennese minors decreased over the period studied. The mean suicide rate was 6.2 per 100,000 (statistics on suicides per 100,000 were available only for the period 1953–2002), with a male-female ratio of 2.1:1. The predominant suicide method was domestic gas until its detoxification in Vienna. From 1976 jumping from a height became the most common suicide method of Viennese minors; it was also the predominant method among females, whereas hanging was the predominant method among males. Since 1996 the percentage of firearm suicides among males has doubled, and jumping suicides among females have tripled. A greater number of suicides among minors took place during the months of January, June, October and December. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide rates of Viennese minors are on the decline, corresponding to a reported decrease in the general suicide rate in Austria. In view of an observed recent increase in firearm suicides among males and jumping suicides among females aged 19 and younger, further monitoring as well as legal and environmental prevention measures are needed.

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Correspondence to Kanita Dervic.

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Dervic, K., Friedrich, E., Prosquill, D. et al. Suicide among Viennese minors, 1946–2002. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118, 152–159 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0567-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0567-4

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