Abstract
The major challenge of this paper is to examine how various forms of speed perception affect motor vehicle crash (MVC) involvement. To model this relationship, we use a type-2 fuzzy inference system (T2FIS). Another general challenge is to improve the performance of seven created T2FISs in a sense of compliance with the empirical data. This is achieved by a proposal of an algorithm based on the bee colony optimization (BCO) metaheuristic. The main novelty of this algorithm is the way how the testing points are selected in a type-2 fuzzy environment, which influences the execution efficiency. Data collection was carried out in twelve experiments. A total of 178 young drivers assessed the speed level from four positions; three of them relate to the speed perception of other vehicles on the road, while the remaining one represents the assessment of their own speed. At each position, three speed levels were assessed: 30, 50, and 70 km/h. As a result of the implemented methodology, a relationship between the various forms of speed perception and participation in MVCs can be quantified. The BCO-based algorithm achieved an average improvement of 21.17% in the performance of the initial T2FIS structures. The final results indicate that the drivers whose speed perception of the vehicle they are looking at from the rear side, as well as of the own vehicle, is poor have an elevated risk toward participation in MVCs compared to other forms of speed perception. This can be useful in various educational and recruitment procedures.
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The authors are grateful for the valuable comments of the Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editor Yuvaraja Teekaraman, and two anonymous reviewers, who significantly helped the improvement of the manuscript.
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M.Č.-D. was involved in the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, resources, and writing—original draft. L.Š. was involved in the methodology, resources, supervision, and project administration. S.Č. was involved in the validation, investigation, and supervision. A.T. contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, and writing—original draft. M.D. contributed to data curation and software.
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The Faculty ethics committee approved this study, and all procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The participants received no funding for participation in the interview.
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Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview for each of the 178 participants in this research.
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Čubranić-Dobrodolac, M., Švadlenka, L., Čičević, S. et al. A bee colony optimization (BCO) and type-2 fuzzy approach to measuring the impact of speed perception on motor vehicle crash involvement. Soft Comput 26, 4463–4486 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06516-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06516-4