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Chronisches, nichtradikuläres HWS-Syndrom

CT-gesteuerte perkutane Radiofrequenz-Thermokoagulation der zervikalen Zygapophysialgelenke – eine Pilotstudie

Chronic non radicular cervicocephalic syndrom: CT-guided percutaneous RF-thermocoagulation of the zygapo-physial joints

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Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung. Wie groß ist die Effizienz der CT-gesteuerten Radiofrequenz- (RF-)Thermokoagulation der zervikalen Zygapophysialgelenke bei chronischer nichtradikulärer zervikaler Schmerzsymptomatik unter posteriorem Zugang?

Material und Methode. Bei 46 Patienten wurde unter CT-Steuerung eine isolierte 23-Gauge-Punktionskanüle von posterior am Facettengelenk platziert. Es wurden die dorsalen und lateralen kapsulären Nervenendigungen sowie die medialen und lateralen Äste der Rami dorsales der jeweiligen Segmentnerven koaguliert. Das subjektive Schmerzempfinden wurde mit Hilfe einer visuellen Analogskala erhoben.

Ergebnisse. Nach 90 Tagen gaben 56,5% der Patienten eine Schmerzreduktion von >75% an. Bei 28,3% wurde eine Schmerzbesserung von <50% erzielt. 15,2% der Patienten stellten <25% Schmerzreduktion fest. Die Therapien erfolgten ambulant, in örtlicher Betäubung, ohne Sedierung oder allgemeine Anästhesie. Komplikationen traten keine auf.

Schlussfolgerung. Die CT-gesteuerte Radiofrequenz-Thermokoagulation der zervikalen Zygapophysialgelenke bei posteriorem Zugang ist eine effektive und sichere Methode zur Behandlung des chronischen, therapieresistenten, pseudoradikulären HWS-Syndroms, wenn durch die CT-gesteuerte perikapsuläre Blockadetherapie keine dauerhafte Besserung erreicht werden kann.

Abstract

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of CT-guided radiofrequency- (RF-)thermocoagulation of cervical zygapophysial joints for chronic non radicular cervical pain syndrome using an improved posterior approach.

Methods. 169 patients were treated with CT-guided pericapsular drug instillation of steroids and local anaesthesia on the symptomatic and adjoining segments. 46 patients experienced an only short term pain relief after repeated CT-guided blocks and were therefore treated with CT-guided RF-neurolysis.

For the microtherapeutic procedure the patients were placed on the CT-table in prone-position. A 23-gauge isolated aspiration canula (Leibinger) was placed vertically, under CT-guidance lateral to the zygapophysial joint to coagulate the capsular nerve endings. The probe was then repositioned to coagulate the medial and lateral branches of the corresponding segment-nerves' dorsal branches. The thermocoagulation was applied 3–4 times with 90 s. duration and a coagulation temperature of 70°C. The coagulation-probe was drawn back 3–5 mm each time.

No sedation or general anaesthesia was required. The treatments were carried out on out patient basis in local anaesthesia. Statistical data on pain sensation was acquired with the help of a standardized visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and by a questionnaire on treatment satisfaction and every day activities.

Patients were examined and questioned on the 2nd, 7th, 30th and 90th day after the operation.

Results. After 90 days, 26 (56,5%) patients had experienced a definite pain reduction of >75% (VAS). 13 (28,3%) patients obtained alleviation of <50% (VAS), within the first three postoperative months. Seven (15,2%) patients reported <25% (VAS) pain relief. No intra- and postoperative complications were reported.

Conclusions. CT-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation is an effective, precise and secure, minimally invasive treatment for non radicular cervical pain that is caused by zygapophysial joint arthropathy, when CT-guided, lateral drug instillation does not cause a lasting improvement.

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Gevargez, A., Braun, M., Schirp, S. et al. Chronisches, nichtradikuläres HWS-Syndrom . Schmerz 15, 186–191 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004820170021

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004820170021

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