Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Natural occurrence of Apple stem grooving virus on Bauhinia variegata

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Trees Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Key message

Among apple viruses, the present study identified Apple stem grooving virus infection in Bauhinia variegata . CP gene of the isolate clustered with kiwi isolate, however, differing in biological characteristics.

Abstract

Bauhinia variegata, widely distributed in Kangra district (Himachal Pradesh, India), was found to exhibit severe virus-like symptoms, which included chlorosis, chlorotic and necrotic spots, mottling, leaf distortion and grooves on the stem. Symptomatic leaf samples collected from three different locations in the district, viz. CSIR-IHBT (Palampur), CSK HPKV (Palampur) and Dharamshala were analyzed by DAS-ELISA, dot blot hybridization and RT-PCR for the presence of ASGV infection. The combined results of three detection techniques showed 9 out of 30 samples to be positive for the virus. To understand the incidence of other major apple viruses, samples were also analyzed by multiplex RT-PCR. However, only ASGV was detected from the samples. Complete CP gene from four of the positive samples was amplified by RT-PCR and confirmed through sequencing and BLAST analysis of the amplicons. Phylogenetically, three isolates (abbreviated as BAU1, BAU2 and BAU18) clustered with apple isolates from India, Brazil and China, while one (BAU16) clustered separately. All the four isolates shared 94–99 % sequence identity at amino acid level and 87–98 % sequence identity at nucleotide level with all the other isolates from various geographical locations and differing hosts. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report describing ASGV infection on B. variegata, its molecular characterization, and diversity analysis and incidence study. The tree probably acts as a reservoir of ASGV as it is found actively growing around apple nursery plantations, while no other apple virus was diagnosed from Bauhinia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Bar-Joseph M, Brunt AA, Candresse T, Foster GD, Martelli GP, Milne RG, Fauquet CM (2004) The new plant virus family flex-iviridae and assessment of molecular criteria for species demarcation. Arch Virol 149:1045–1060

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2001) The Ayurredic pharcopoeia of India, vol 1. The controller of publications, New Dehli, pp 321–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Bansal V, Malviya R, Deeksha Malaviya T, Sharma PK (2014) Phytochemical, pharmacological profile and commercial utility of tropically distributed plant Bauhinia variegata. Glob J Pharmacol 8(2):196–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhardwaj P, Ram R, Zaidi AA, Hallan V (2014) Characterization of Apple stem grooving virus infecting Actinidia deliciosa (Kiwi) in India. Sci Hort 176:105–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra RN, Nayer SL, Chopra IC (1956) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants, p 35. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi

  • Clark MF, Adams AN (1977) Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. J Gen Virol 34:475–483

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clover GRG, Pearson MN, Elliott DR, Tang Z, Smales TE, Alexander BJR (2003) Characterization of a strain of Apple stem grooving virus in Actinidia chinensis from China. Plant Pathol 52:371–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inouye N, Maeda T, Mitsuhata K (1979) Citrus tatter leaf virus isolated from Lily. Ann Phytopath Society Japan 45:712–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor A, Kanwar P, Gupta R (2010) Traditional recipes of district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J Tradit Knowl 9(2):282–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinard GR, Scott SW, Barnett O (1996) Detection of Apple chlorotic leaf spot and Apple stem grooving viruses using RT-PCR. Plant Dis 80:616–621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar VMMJ, Eswarappa BX, Bodke YD (2012) Antimicrobial activity of stem bark of Bauhinia Variegata Linn. Am J Pharm Tech Res 2:564–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh L, Ram R, Zaidi AA, Hallan V (2014) Simultaneous detection of major pome fruit viruses and a viroid. Indian J Microbiol 54:203–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lister RM (1970) Apple stem grooving virus. In: CMI/AAB descriptions of plant viruses, No. 31. Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux, Kew

  • Lovisolo O, Accotto GP, Masenga V, Colariccio A (2003) An isolate of Apple stem grooving virus associated with Cleopatra mandarin fruit intumescence. Fitopatol Bras 28:54–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadkarni AK (1954) Popular Prakashan. Indian Materia Medica. pp 184–190

  • Nemeth M (1986) Virus, mycoplasma and rickettsia diseases of fruit trees. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, p P841

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickel O, Fajardo TVM, Jelkmann W, Kuhn GB (2001) Sequence analysis of the capsid protein gene of an isolate of Apple stem grooving virus, and its survey in Southern Brazil. Fitopatol Bras 26(3):655–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orwa C, Muta A, Kindt R, Jamnads R, Anthony S (2009) Agroforestry Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. http://www.worldagrofrestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabase.asp. Accessed 12 July 2014

  • Puntambekar PR (1957) Review on Bauhinians. Indian For 78:39–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) In molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Shim H, Min Y, Hong S, Kwon M, Kim D, Kim H, Choi Y, Lee S, Yang J (2004) Nucleotide sequences of a Korean isolate of apple stem grooving virus associated with black necrotic leaf spot disease on pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). Mol Cells 18:192–199

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shivanna MB (2005) Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Shimoga district, Karnataka, India. http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2005/mwp011.htm. Accessed 12 July 2014

  • Takahashi T, Saito N, Goto M, Kawai A, Namba S, Yamashita S (1990) Apple stem grooving virus isolated from Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) imported from China. Res Bull Plant Protect Ser Japan 26:15–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang J, Olson JD, Ochoa Corona FM, Clover GRG (2010) Nandina domestica, a new host of Apple stem grooving virus and Alternanthera mosaic virus. Australas Plant Dis Notes 5:25–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Meer FA (1976) Observation on Apple stem grooving virus. Acta Hort 67:293–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsh MF, Van der Meer FA (1989) Apple stem grooving virus. In: Pullman WA (ed) Virus and virus-like disease of pome fruits and simulating noninfectious disorders. College of agriculture and home economics, Washington state university, Washington, pp 253–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z-B, Zheng You-Xiu, Chiou-Chu Su, Chang Chung-Jan, Jan Fuh-Jyh (2010) Identification and characterization of Apple stem grooving virus causing leaf distortion on pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) in Taiwan. Eur J Plant Pathol 128:71–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa N (2000) Apple stem grooving virus. In: CMI/AAB descriptions of plant viruses no. 376. CABI Bioscience, Egham

  • Yoshikawa N, Sasaki E, Kato M, Takahashi T (1992) The nucleotide sequence of Apple stem grooving capillovirus genome. Virology 191(1):98–105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng Y, Yang T (2002) RNA isolation from highly viscous samples rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides. Plant Mol Biol Rep 20:417a–417e

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur, HP (India), for providing necessary facilities. Department of Biotechnology (DBT), (grant no. BT/PR/11001PBD/16/803/2008), India is duly acknowledged for financial support. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, is also acknowledged. This is CSIR-IHBT publication number 3745.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India

    Pooja Bhardwaj

  2. Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Pooja Bhardwaj, Raja Ram, Aijaz A. Zaidi & Vipin Hallan

Authors
  1. Pooja Bhardwaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Raja Ram
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aijaz A. Zaidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Vipin Hallan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vipin Hallan.

Additional information

Communicated by W. Osswald.

Aijaz A. Zaidi: Deceased.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bhardwaj, P., Ram, R., Zaidi, A.A. et al. Natural occurrence of Apple stem grooving virus on Bauhinia variegata . Trees 29, 1415–1422 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1219-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1219-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation