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Precision of dating insect outbreaks using wood anatomy: the case of Anoplophora in Japanese maple

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Abstract

To control invasive Anoplophora outbreaks, it is crucial to accurately date infestation dynamics. Dating of Anoplophora outbreaks is possible as these xylobiont insects induce wounds in living trees by forming e.g., exit holes. This study investigates to what precision these wounds can be dated with dendrochronological techniques. In an experimental setting, we studied the precision of wound dating on Acer palmatum, an ornamental tree occasionally containing larvae of A. chinensis. We studied the development of wound reactions at the beginning, during and after the growing season, both in relation to leaf phenology and intra-annual tree-ring growth. We found that the precision of dating exit holes is limited due to the highly variable intra-annual tree-ring growth whereby only an accurate distinction can be made between wounds originated during, or after tree-ring formation. The resolution was improved using local growth—the local reactivation of xylem growth around the wound—as a marker for wounds that occurred at the end of the growing season. We conclude that the intra-annual precision of dating Anoplophora outbreaks in Acer palmatum in the temperate North-western European climate is limited to three distinct phases: (i) The period of dormancy and leaf emergence (ca. October until April/beginning of May), when the wounds are located at the tree-ring boundary (ii) The period of tree-ring growth in which wounds are located within the tree ring (ca. end of April/beginning of May until late August/beginning of September), (iii) end of growing season (ca. end of August/September) in which local growth occurs.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Robbert Blanken, Mathieu Decuyper, Leo Goudzwaard and John van der Lippe (Unifarm) of Wageningen University for their support in field and lab work. We are grateful to Nico Mentink and Brigitta Wessels-Berk of the Dutch National Plant Protection Organization for their valuable contributions to this project. We thank Sylvia Grommen for making Fig. 2 and Alice Welch of the United States Department of Agriculture for providing the photo of Fig. 1a. This work was supported by the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation and the Dutch National Plant Protection Organization of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    P. Copini, U. Sass-Klaassen, J. den Ouden & G. M. J. Mohren

  2. Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, National Plant Protection Organization, PO Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    A. J. M. Loomans

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  1. P. Copini
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  2. U. Sass-Klaassen
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  3. J. den Ouden
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  4. G. M. J. Mohren
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  5. A. J. M. Loomans
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Correspondence to P. Copini.

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Communicated by A. Braeuning.

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Copini, P., Sass-Klaassen, U., den Ouden, J. et al. Precision of dating insect outbreaks using wood anatomy: the case of Anoplophora in Japanese maple. Trees 28, 103–113 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0933-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0933-6

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