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Postoperative drain after transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) with single incision

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Abstract

Objective

To find the optimal size of a drain for the reliable drainage and the best cosmetic result in TOETVA. To explore the normal drainage flow rate after TOETVA.

Methods

A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in a single center from December 2016 to December 2018. One hundred and fifty-three (153) patients had TOETVA with a single incision and were randomly divided into two groups. Self-made drainage tubes with a small diameter (outer diameter 2.0 mm, inner diameter 1.0 mm) were used in 80 patients (experimental group). No. 8 tubes were used in 73 patients (control group). The clinical characteristics and results between both groups were compared by t test or chi-square test, and the results of normal drainage flow rate were calculated.

Results

The experimental group had a longer intraoperative tube-inserting time, compared with the control group (9.5 ± 2.5 min vs. 5.6 ± 1.4 min, p = 0.001), a smaller scar six months after the operation (1.8 ± 2.3 mm vs. 3.1 ± 2.6 mm, p = 0.002), and a lower Vancouver Scar Scale score at both one month (3.20 ± 1.44 vs. 4.19 ± 1.92, p = 0.001) and six months after the operation(1.43 ± 1.84 vs. 2.40 ± 2.37, p = 0.006). The drainage volume, pain score on the first day, postoperative complications (tube blockage, air leakage, subcutaneous hydrops, hematoma, regional infection), and the extubation time were not significantly different. The average drainage of 148 patients without postoperative complications was 78.3 ± 10.9 ml. The cumulative drainage within 8 h, and 32 h after the operation accounted for 53.2% and 91.9% of the total drainage, respectively. The residual drainage at 32 h was estimated to be 6.5 ± 2.9 ml (P95 = 11.0 ml). A linear regression equation between total volume (Vt) and the size of resected tissue (S) was established: Vt = 1.625 S + 56.604 (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

In TOETVA, a small drain can provide a good cosmetic appearance and reliable drainage. The main exudation period of the wound is within 8 h after the operation. If a residual volume of less than 11 ml is considered to be self-absorbable, the shortest safe extubation point for 95% of patients should be 32 h after the operation.

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Funding

(1) Cancer Research Program of National Cancer Center (NCC2017A15). (2) Hunan Hygiene and Health Committee (B2019096). (3) The Science and Technology Project of Changsha City (kq1801103). (4) The Project of Innovative Technology in Medical Science of Hunan Province (S2018SFYLJS0175). This study had no other financial supports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology Plastic Surgery/Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China

    Zeyang Liu, Xiaowei Peng, Zan Li, Bo Zhou, Peng Wu, Chunliu Lv, Yuanyuan Tang, Dajiang Song, Hui Li, Wen Peng, Yan Ou & Anji Xu

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  1. Zeyang Liu
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  2. Xiaowei Peng
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  3. Zan Li
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  4. Bo Zhou
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  5. Peng Wu
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  6. Chunliu Lv
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  7. Yuanyuan Tang
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  9. Hui Li
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  10. Wen Peng
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  11. Yan Ou
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  12. Anji Xu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaowei Peng.

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Disclosures

Zeyang Liu, Xiaowei Peng, Zan Li, Bo Zhou, Peng Wu, ChunliuLv, Yuanyuan Tang, Dajiang Song, Hui Li, Wen Peng,YanOu, Anji Xu have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

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Liu, Z., Peng, X., Li, Z. et al. Postoperative drain after transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) with single incision. Surg Endosc 35, 358–366 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07408-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07408-8

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