Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enhancement of sophorolipids production in Candida batistae, an unexplored sophorolipids producer, by fed-batch fermentation

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sophorolipids (SLs) from Candida batistae has a unique structure that contains ω–hydroxy fatty acids, which can be used as a building block in the polymer and fragrance industries. To improve the production of this industrially important SLs, we optimized the culture medium of C. batistae for the first time. Using an optimized culture medium composed of 50 g/L glucose, 50 g/L rapeseed oil, 5 g/L ammonium nitrate and 5 g/L yeast extract, SLs were produced at a concentration of 24.1 g/L in a flask culture. Sophorolipids production increased by about 19% (28.6 g/L) in a fed-batch fermentation using a 5 L fermentor. Sophorolipids production more increased by about 121% (53.2 g/L), compared with that in a flask culture, in a fed-batch fermentation using a 50 L fermentor, which was about 787% higher than that of the previously reported SLs production (6 g/L). These results indicate that a significant increase in C. batistae-derived SLs production can be achieved by optimization of the culture medium composition and fed-batch fermentation. Finally, we successfully separated and purified the SLs from the culture medium. The improved production of SLs from C. batistae in this study will help facilitate the successful development of applications for the SLs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Raimondi C, Bestetti G, Banat IM, Smyth TJ, Papacchini M, Cavallo M, Fracchia L (2012) Environmental fate, toxicity, characteristics and potential applications of novel bioemulsifiers produced by Variovorax paradoxus 7bCT5. Bioresour Technol 108:245–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lima TM, Procópio LC, Brandão FD, Leão BA, Tótola MR, Borges AC (2011) Evaluation of bacterial surfactant toxicity towards petroleum degrading microorganisms. Bioresour Technol 102:2957–2964

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lourith N, Kanlayavattanakul M (2009) Natural surfactants used in cosmetics: glycolipids. Int J Cosmet Sci 31:255–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Henkel M, Müller MM, Kügler JH, Lovaglio RB, Contiero J, Syldatk C, Hausmann R (2012) Rhamnolipids as biosurfactants from renewable resources: concepts for next-generation rhamnolipid production. Process Biochem 47:1207–1219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Banat IM, Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Martinotti MG, Fracchia L, Smyth TJ, Marchant R (2010) Microbial biosurfactants production, applications and future potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87:427–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Van Bogaert INA, Zhang J, Soetaert W (2011) Microbial synthesis of sophorolipids. Process Biochem 46:821–833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hirata Y, Ryu M, Oda Y, Igarashi K, Nagatsuka A, Furuta T, Sugiura M (2009) Novel characteristics of sophorolipids, yeast glycolipid biosurfactants, as biodegradable low-foaming surfactants. J Biosci Bioeng 108:142–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chandran P, Das N (2012) Role of sophorolipid biosurfactant in degradation of diesel oil by Candida tropicalis. Bioremediat J 16:19–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Oliveira MRD, Magri A, Baldo C, Camilios-Neto D, Minucelli T, Antonia M (2015) Review: sophorolipids a promising biosurfactant and it’s applications.

  10. Oliveira MR, Camilios-Neto D, Baldo C, Magri A, Celligoi MA (2014) Biosynthesis and production of sophorolipids. Int J Sci Technol Res 3:133–146

    Google Scholar 

  11. Smyth TJP, Perfumo A, Marchant R, Banat IM (2010) Isolation and analysis of low molecular weight microbial glycolipids. In: Timmis KN (ed) Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kurtzman CP, Price NPJ, Ray KJ, Kuo T-M (2010) Production of sophorolipid biosurfactants by multiple species of the Starmerella (Candida) bombicola yeast clade. FEMS Microbiol Lett 311:140–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang J, Saerens KM, Van Bogaert IN, Soetaert W (2011) Vegetable oil enhances sophorolipid production by Rhodotorula bogoriensis. Biotech Lett 33:2417–2423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ogawa S, Ota Y (2000) Influence of exogenous natural oils on the ω-1 and ω-2 hydroxy fatty acid moiety of sophorose pipid produced by Candida bombicola. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64:2466–2468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rosa CA, Viana EM, Martins RP, Antonini Y, Lachance M-A (1999) Candida batistae, a new yeast species associated with solitary digger nesting bees in Brazil. Mycologia 91:428–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Konishi M, Fukuoka T, Morita T, Imura T, Kitamoto D (2008) Production of new types of sophorolipids by Candida batistae. J Oleo Sci 57:359–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Van Bogaert INA, Saerens K, De Muynck C, Develter D, Soetaert W, Vandamme EJ (2007) Microbial production and application of sophorolipids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 76:23–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zerkowski JA, Solaiman DKY (2007) Polyhydroxy fatty acids derived from sophorolipids. J Am Oil Chem Soc 84:463–471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rau U, Hammen S, Heckmann R, Wray V, Lang S (2001) Sophorolipids: a source for novel compounds. Ind Crops Prod 13:85–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim Y-B, Yun HS, Kim E-K (2009) Enhanced sophorolipid production by feeding-rate-controlled fed-batch culture. Biores Technol 100:6028–6032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Shin JD, Lee J, Kim YB, Han I-s, Kim E-K (2010) Production and characterization of methyl ester sophorolipids with 22-carbon-fatty acids. Biores Technol 101:3170–3174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zerkowski JA, Solaiman DKY (2006) Synthesis of polyfunctional fatty amines from sophorolipid-derived 17-hydroxy oleic acid. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83:621–628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Huang F-C, Peter A, Schwab W (2014) Expression and characterization of CYP52 genes involved in the biosynthesis of sophorolipid and alkane metabolism from Starmerella bombicola. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:766–776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Geys R, De Graeve M, Lodens S, Van Malderen J, Lemmens C, De Smet M, Mincke S, Van Bogaert INA, Stevens C, De Maeseneire SL, Roelants SLKW, Soetaert WKG (2018) Increasing uniformity of biosurfactant production in Starmerella bombicola via the expression of chimeric cytochrome P450s. Colloids Interfaces 2:42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the R&D program of MOTIE/KEIT (10077291), in part by the R&D program of MOTIE/KEIT (10080592) and in part by the R&D program of KRICT (SS2042‐10).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jung-Hun Kim and Yu-Ri Oh contribute equally to the work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea

    Jung-Hun Kim, Yu-Ri Oh, Sang-Woo Han, Young-Ah Jang & Gyeong Tae Eom

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea

    Soon Ho Hong

  3. Korea Science Academy of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Busan, 47162, Republic of Korea

    Jung Hoon Ahn

  4. Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea

    Gyeong Tae Eom

Authors
  1. Jung-Hun Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yu-Ri Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sang-Woo Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Young-Ah Jang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Soon Ho Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jung Hoon Ahn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Gyeong Tae Eom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gyeong Tae Eom.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, JH., Oh, YR., Han, SW. et al. Enhancement of sophorolipids production in Candida batistae, an unexplored sophorolipids producer, by fed-batch fermentation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 44, 831–839 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02493-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02493-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation