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High synergistic antibacterial, antibiofilm, antidiabetic and antimetabolic activity of Withania somnifera leaf extract-assisted zinc oxide nanoparticle

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Abstract

Nanotechnology is currently gaining immense attention to combat food borne bacteria, and biofilm. Diabetes is a common metabolic disease affecting majority of people. A better therapy relies on phytomediated nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, W. somnifera leaf extract-assisted ZnO NPs (Ws-ZnO NPs) was synthesized and characterized. From HR-TEM analysis, it has been found that the hexagonal wurtzite particle is 15.6 nm in size and − 12.14 mV of zeta potential. A greater antibacterial effect of Ws-ZnO NPs was noticed against E. faecalis and S. aureus at 100 µg mL−1. Also, the biofilm of E. faecalis and S. aureus was greatly inhibited at 100 µg mL−1 compared to E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme was inhibited at 100 µg mL−1 demonstrating its antidiabetic potential. The larval and pupal development was delayed at 25 µg mL−1 of Ws-ZnO NPs. A complete mortality (100%) was recorded at 25 µg mL−1. Ws-ZnO NPs showed least LC50 value (9.65 µg mL−1) compared to the uncoated ZnO NPs (38.8 µg mL−1) and leaf extract (13.06 µg mL−1). Therefore, it is concluded that Ws-ZnO NPs are promising to be used as effective antimicrobials, antidiabetic and insecticides to combat storage pests.

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Acknowledgements

The research grant sanctioned under the Young Scientist Scheme (YSS/2015/000645) by the DST-SERB, New Delhi is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Campus 6th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 004, India

    Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan, Mohamed Ali Rajamohamed Kalanjiam, Viswanathan Vinotha & Baskaralingam Vaseeharan

  2. Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed To Be University), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India

    Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Umayal Ramanathan College for Women, Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Jayaraj Vinodhini

  4. Department of Nutrition, Quality and R&D, NG Feeds Private Limited, Krishna District, Arugalonu Village, Andra Pradesh, 521 106, India

    Mohamed Ali Rajamohamed Kalanjiam

  5. East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-702, Republic of Korea

    Subramanian Palanisamy

  6. Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai P.R, 264 209, China

    Sekar Vijayakumar

  7. Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Melur, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, 625 106, India

    Ammasi Mariyappan

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  1. Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan
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  2. Jayaraj Vinodhini
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Malaikozhundan, B., Vinodhini, J., Kalanjiam, M.A.R. et al. High synergistic antibacterial, antibiofilm, antidiabetic and antimetabolic activity of Withania somnifera leaf extract-assisted zinc oxide nanoparticle. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 43, 1533–1547 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02346-0

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