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Paleomagnetic constraints on a time-stratigraphic framework for the evolution of Ohachidaira volcano and the summit caldera, central Hokkaido, Japan

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Abstract

We present a revised stratigraphy of the proximal deposits around Ohachidaira volcano and their paleomagnetic directions obtained from 21 sites (193 samples). We identify four proximal pyroclastic members from Ohachidaira volcano that were produced after the early edifice-building effusive volcanism, from older to younger: (1) vent-opening mafic pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits (Kobachidaira ignimbrite); (2) maar-forming mafic tephra-ring deposits (Mamiyadake tephra ring); (3) mafic to silicic caldera-forming deposits (Sounkyo Member); and (4) mafic PDC deposits (Kumonotaira ignimbrite). Well-grouped paleomagnetic directions obtained from the Kobachidaira ignimbrite and the Sounkyo Member indicate that each deposit was formed over a short time interval compared to geomagnetic secular variation―that is, less than a century. Conversely, scattered paleomagnetic directions of the Mamiyadake tephra ring record the secular variation of the geomagnetic field that took place over a longer time interval―that is, at least 750 yr, probably more. The Kumonotaira ignimbrite, which has a similar paleomagnetic direction to the underlying Sounkyo Member, may have been produced during the Sounkyo eruption. From comparison between our data and the previously reported paleomagnetic directions of two petrologically distinct distal ignimbrites, we conclude that the Sounkyo Member is a proximal correlative of the distal pyroxene-rich ignimbrite, and that the distal hornblende-rich ignimbrite may not be of an Ohachidaira origin. The revised stratigraphy suggests that Ohachidaira volcano is a maar-caldera complex volcano, and that the summit caldera is a flaring funnel formed incrementally by explosive erosion and syn-eruptive collapse of the vent walls. Volume estimates imply that the Sounkyo eruption fundamentally enlarged the vent and formed the caldera. Our data confirm that the comparison of paleomagnetic directions can offer a useful identification and correlation tool for the Ohachidaira pyroclastic sequences.

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Acknowledgments

Y.Y. and E.S. were financially supported by the Earthquake Research Institute the University of Tokyo Joint Usage/Research Program. Y.Y. acknowledges the Fukada Grant-in-Aid from the Fukada Geological Institute. Great thanks to Hyeon-Seon Ahn for field assistance, and Masayuki Hyodo for his wise advice on paleomagnetism. Many thin sections for classification of lithic clasts were prepared by Hidehiko Nomura. Adonara Mucek kindly improved the English of the manuscript. Mr. and Mrs. Kawabata and the keepers of Kurodake-Ishimuro and Hakuundake Refuge Huts are thanked for their hospitality during fieldwork. Discussion with Kosuke Ishige inspired us to propose that the vent location for the Hb-type ignimbrite is beneath Asahidake volcano. We thank Masako Miki for a thorough review of an early draft of the manuscript and for bringing our attention to paleomagnetic estimates of emplacement durations of pyroclastic deposits. We also thank the journal reviewers Takeshi Hasegawa and Cynthia Gardner and the associate editor Michael Ort for their valuable and constructive comments that have helped us clarify our ideas and presentation. The executive editor Andrew Harris is acknowledged for final suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Yuki Yasuda

  2. Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan

    Eiichi Sato

  3. Earth Science Laboratory, Hokkaido University of Education at Asahikawa, Asahikawa, 070-8621, Japan

    Eiichi Sato

  4. Kobe Ocean-Bottom Exploration Center, Kobe University, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan

    Keiko Suzuki-Kamata

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  1. Yuki Yasuda
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  2. Eiichi Sato
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Correspondence to Yuki Yasuda.

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Editorial responsibility: M.H. Ort

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Yasuda, Y., Sato, E. & Suzuki-Kamata, K. Paleomagnetic constraints on a time-stratigraphic framework for the evolution of Ohachidaira volcano and the summit caldera, central Hokkaido, Japan. Bull Volcanol 82, 71 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01403-6

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