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Roles of the volatile terpene, 1,8-cineole, in plant–herbivore interactions: a foraging odor cue as well as a toxin?

  • Plant-microbe-animal interactions - Original research
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Abstract

Olfaction is an important sense for many animals, yet its role in foraging by herbivores is poorly known. Many plants contain volatile compounds, such as terpenes, that are not only volatile but can be toxic if ingested. Volatile terpenes can be used by herbivores to assess leaf quality, but there is little evidence for whether they are also used as a searching cue. We applied the giving-up density (GUD) framework to examine fine-scale foraging by two free-ranging mammalian herbivores, the brush-tail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor), using patches with food and an inedible matrix that varied in content of a volatile terpene, 1,8-cineole. We tested the effect of (1) increasing dietary cineole concentration, and (2) masking the food odor by adding cineole to the inedible matrix, thus overriding the smell released by the diet. In both species GUD was affected by dietary cineole; a high cineole concentration raised GUD, consistent with its role as a toxin. There was a significant effect of masking on GUD for wallabies but not for possums, suggesting that odor was an important foraging cue at the feeding patch only for the former. Differences in ecological niche and diet may explain this pattern. We suggest that herbivores, such as the swamp wallaby, opportunistically eavesdrop on plant volatiles, i.e., take advantage of the signal proffered for a different function. The cost of this eavesdropping for plants, however, is presumably counteracted by other ecological benefits of these volatiles, including a reduction in leaf consumption as a function of toxicity.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by an Australian Research Council grant to C. M. and P. B. B. (ARC-DP0877585), with the approval of the University of New South Wales Animal Care and Ethics Committee (ACEC) (nos. 08/75B and 11/89A), and permits from Nationals Parks and Wildlife Service (S12371 and SL100443). We thank Basil Panayotakos for help in the design and construction of feeders.

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Miguel A. Bedoya-Pérez, Ido Isler, Peter B. Banks & Clare McArthur

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  1. Miguel A. Bedoya-Pérez
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  2. Ido Isler
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Correspondence to Miguel A. Bedoya-Pérez.

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Bedoya-Pérez, M.A., Isler, I., Banks, P.B. et al. Roles of the volatile terpene, 1,8-cineole, in plant–herbivore interactions: a foraging odor cue as well as a toxin?. Oecologia 174, 827–837 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2801-x

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