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Evolution and function of mammalian binder of sperm proteins

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Abstract

Binder of sperm (BSP) proteins are ubiquitous among mammals and have been extensively investigated over the last three decades. They were first characterized in bull seminal plasma and have now been identified in more than 15 different mammalian species where they represent a superfamily. In addition to sharing a common structure, BSP proteins share many characteristics. They are expressed by seminal vesicles and epididymides, interact with similar ligands and bind to the outer leaflet of sperm membranes via an interaction with choline phospholipids. In addition to playing a major role in sperm capacitation, they are implicated as molecular chaperones in sperm motility and viability, in the formation of the oviductal sperm reservoir, in the regulation of cell volume and possibly in the interaction between sperm and oocytes, making them crucial multifunctional proteins. Furthermore, BSP proteins can bind to egg yolk low-density lipoproteins and milk components, an interaction important for the protection of sperm during semen preservation in liquid or frozen state. Our current knowledge of BSP proteins strongly emphasizes their fundamental importance in male fertility and in the optimization of semen preservation techniques. Much work is still ahead in order to fully understand all the mysteries of BSP proteins.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. We would like to thank all the past graduate students and postgraduate students who contributed to the studies on BSP proteins. We are also grateful for the collaboration of Dr. Patrick Blondin (L’Alliance Boviteq) and the Centre d’Insémination Artificielle du Québec.

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Plante, G., Prud’homme, B., Fan, J. et al. Evolution and function of mammalian binder of sperm proteins. Cell Tissue Res 363, 105–127 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2289-2

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