Abstract
Increasing organismal complexity during the evolution of life has been attributed to the duplication of genes and entire genomes. More recently, theoretical models have been proposed that postulate the fate of duplicated genes, among them the duplication-degeneration-complementation (DDC) model. In the DDC model, the common fate of a duplicated gene is lost from the genome owing to nonfunctionalization. Duplicated genes are retained in the genome either by subfunctionalization, where the functions of the ancestral gene are sub-divided between the sister duplicate genes, or by neofunctionalization, where one of the duplicate genes acquires a new function. Both processes occur either by loss or gain of regulatory elements in the promoters of duplicated genes. Here, we review the genomic organization, evolution, and transcriptional regulation of the multigene family of intracellular lipid-binding protein (iLBP) genes from teleost fishes. Teleost fishes possess many copies of iLBP genes owing to a whole genome duplication (WGD) early in the teleost fish radiation. Moreover, the retention of duplicated iLBP genes is substantially higher than the retention of all other genes duplicated in the teleost genome. The fatty acid-binding protein genes, a subfamily of the iLBP multigene family in zebrafish, are differentially regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, which may account for the retention of iLBP genes in the zebrafish genome by the process of subfunctionalization of cis-acting regulatory elements in iLBP gene promoters.
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Abbreviations
- iLBP:
-
Intracellular lipid-binding protein
- WGD:
-
Whole genome duplication
- FABP:
-
Mammalian fatty acid-binding protein
- FABP :
-
Mammalian fatty acid-binding protein gene
- Fabp:
-
Fish fatty acid-binding protein
- fabp :
-
Fish fatty acid-binding protein gene
- RBP:
-
Retinol-binding protein
- RBP :
-
Retinol-binding protein gene
- CRABP:
-
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein
- CRABP :
-
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein gene
- PPAR:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPRE:
-
Peroxisome proliferator response element
- RAR:
-
Retinoic acid receptor
- RXR:
-
Retinoid X receptor
- RT-qPCR:
-
Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- FA:
-
Fatty acid
- PP:
-
Peroxisome proliferator
- DDC:
-
Duplication-degeneration-complementation
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Venkatachalam, A.B., Parmar, M.B. & Wright, J.M. Evolution of the duplicated intracellular lipid-binding protein genes of teleost fishes. Mol Genet Genomics 292, 699–727 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-017-1313-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-017-1313-5