Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Robotic surgery versus open surgery for thyroid neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Review – Clinical Oncology
  • Published:
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Robotic surgical system has been gradually applied in thyroid neoplasms as a novel treatment for years, with presenting some superiorities as well as limitations. To compare the effectiveness and safety of robotic surgery with open surgery for the patients with thyroid neoplasms, this review was conducted

Methods

We performed electronic search in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, CBM, Opengray, and Sciencepaper Online databases and manual search in specific online databases and according to the reference list of relevant papers to get all the studies that compared the effectiveness and safety of robotic surgery with that of open surgery for patients with thyroid neoplasms. Last update was conducted in March 2020. Randomized-controlled trials, case–control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional surveys were all included.

Results

In this review, 59 studies were included: two RCTs, 15 NRSs, 40 cohort studies, and two cross-sectional studies. Robotic surgery was found to be associated with longer operative duration, less retrieved lymph nodes, higher postoperative thyroglobulin before radioactive iodine ablation, similar complication incidence but less blood loss, better functional recovery, and higher cosmetic satisfaction compared to open surgery.

Conclusions

Robotic surgery is a safe and feasible approach with remarkable superiority in reducing intraoperative damage and improving patients’ quality of life compared to open surgery for thyroid neoplasms. Meanwhile, this procedure is also associated with long operative duration, insufficient removal of neck lymph nodes, which need to be given careful consideration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Adam MA, Speicher P, Pura J, Dinan MA, Reed SD, Roman SA, Sosa JA (2014) Robotic thyroidectomy for cancer in the US: patterns of use and short-term outcomes. Ann Surg Oncol 21(12):3859–3864

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Aliyev S, Taskin HE, Agcaoglu O, Aksoy E, Milas M, Siperstein A, Berber E (2013) Robotic transaxillary total thyroidectomy through a single axillary incision. Surgery 153(5):705–710

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arora A, Garas G, Sharma S, Muthuswamy K, Budge J, Palazzo F, Darzi A, Tolley N (2016) Comparing transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy with conventional surgery in a UK population: a case control study. Int J Surg 27:110–117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chai YJ, Song J, Kang J, Woo JW, Song RY, Kwon H, Kim SJ, Choi JY, Lee KE (2016) A comparative study of postoperative pain for open thyroidectomy versus bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy using a self-reporting application for iPad. Ann Surg Treat Res 90(5):239–245

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chai YJ, Suh H, Woo JW, Yu HW, Song RY, Kwon H, Lee KE (2017) Surgical safety and oncological completeness of robotic thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma larger than 2 cm. Surg Endosc 31(3):1235–1240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cho JN, Park WS, Min SY, Han SA, Song JY (2016) Surgical outcomes of robotic thyroidectomy vs. conventional open thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 14(1):181

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cho JW, Park JH, Lee YM, Hong SJ, Yoon JH (2019) Comparison of short-term oncologic outcome of robotic thyroid surgery using dynamic risk stratification: a propensity score-matched comparison study. Surgery 165(3):608–616

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, Kloos RT, Lee SL, Mandel SJ, Mazzaferri EL, McIver B, Sherman SI, Tuttle RM (2006) American Thyroid Association Guidelines Taskforce. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 16(2):109–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foley CS, Agcaoglu O, Siperstein AE, Berber E (2012) Robotic transaxillary endocrine surgery: a comparison with conventional open technique. Surg Endosc 26(8):2259–2266

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fregoli L, Materazzi G, Miccoli M, Papini P, Guarino G, Wu HS, Miccoli P (2017) Postoperative pain evaluation after robotic transaxillary thyroidectomy versus conventional thyroidectomy: a prospective study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 27(2):146–150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garstka M, Kandil E, Saparova L, Bechara M, Green R, Haddad AB, Kang S-W, Aidan P (2018a) Surgery for Graves’ disease in the era of robotic-assisted surgery: a study of safety and feasibility in the Western population. Langenbecks Arch Surg 403(7):891–896

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garstka M, Moshin K, Ali DB, Shalaby H, Ibraheem K, Farag M, Kang SW, Kandil E (2018b) Well-differentiated thyroid cancer and robotic transaxillary surgery at a North American institution. J Surg Res 228:170–178

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garstka ME, Aidan P, Ibraheem K, Bechara M, Mohsin K, Bu Ali D, Shalaby H, Farag MA, Kang S, Kandil E (2018c) Well-differentiated thyroid cancer and robotic-assisted surgery: a retrospective review of safety and feasibility at two western institutions. Ann Surg Oncol 25(1):S111–S112

    Google Scholar 

  • Ha TK, Kim DW, Park HK, Shin GW, Heo YJ, Baek JW, Lee YJ, Choo HJ, Kim DH, Jung SJ, Park JS, Moon SH, Ahn KJ, Baek HJ, Kang T (2018) Comparison of postoperative neck pain and discomfort, swallowing difficulty, and voice change after conventional open, endoscopic, and robotic thyroidectomy: a single-center cohort study. Front Endocrinol 9:416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He Q, Zhu J, Fan Z, Zhuang D, Zheng L, Zhou P, Yue T, Yu F, Hou L, Dong X, Li Y, Ni G, Zhang H (2016a) Robotic thyroidectomy with central neck dissection using axillo-bilateral-breast approach: a comparison to open conventional approach. Zhonghua wai ke za zhi 54(1):51–55

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He QQ, Zhu J, Zhuang DY, Fan ZY, Zheng LM, Zhou P, Hou L, Yu F, Li YN, Xiao L, Dong XF, Ni GF (2016b) Comparative study between robotic total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection via bilateral axillo-breast approach and conventional open procedure for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Chin Med J 129(18):2160–2166

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hu HY, Liang J, Zhang T, Zhao T, Lin YS (2018) Suppressed thyroglobulin performs better than stimulated thyroglobulin in defining an excellent response in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun 39(3):247–251

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hüscher CS, Chiodini S, Napolitano C (1997) Endoscopic right thyroid lobectomy. Surg Endosc 11(8):877

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson NR, Yao L, Tufano RP, Kandil EH (2014) Safety of robotic thyroidectomy approaches: meta-analysis and systematic review. Head Neck 36(1):137–143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang SW, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, Chang HS, Chung WY, Park CS (2009) Robot-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy for thyroid malignancies using a gasless transaxillary approach. J Am Coll Surg 209(2):e1-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang S-W, Lee SH, Park JH, Jeong JS, Park S, Lee CR, Jeong JJ, Nam K-H, Chung WY, Park CS (2012) A comparative study of the surgical outcomes of robotic and conventional open modified radical neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral neck node metastasis. Surg Endosc 26(11):3251–3257

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kassite I, Bejan-Angoulvant T, Lardy H, Binet A (2019) A systematic review of the learning curve in robotic surgery: range and heterogeneity. Surg Endosc 33(2):353–365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim WW, Kim JS, Hur SM, Kim SH, Lee S-K, Choi JH, Kim S, Lee JE, Kim J-H, Nam SJ, Yang J-H, Choe J-H (2011) Is robotic surgery superior to endoscopic and open surgeries in thyroid cancer? World J Surg 35(4):779–784

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim J-A, Kim J-S, Chang M-S, Yoo Y-K, Kim D-K (2013) Influence of carbon dioxide insufflation of the neck on intraocular pressure during robot-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy: a comparison with open thyroidectomy. Surg Endosc 27(5):1587–1593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim BS, Kang KH, Kang H, Park SJ (2014a) Central neck dissection using a bilateral axillo-breast approach for robotic thyroidectomy: comparison with conventional open procedure after propensity score matching. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 24(1):67–72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim WS, Koh YW, Byeon HK, Park YM, Chung HJ, Kim ES, Lee EJ, Park SC, Choi EC (2014b) Robot-assisted neck dissection via a transaxillary and retroauricular approach versus a conventional transcervical approach in papillary thyroid cancer with cervical lymph node metastases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 24(6):367–372

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim W, Jung J, Lee J, Hwang S, Park H (2015) Comparative study of the quality of life between conventional open and robotic total thyroidectomy using a bilateral axillo-breast approach. Thyroid 25:A286–A287

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim WW, Jung JH, Lee J, Kang JG, Baek J, Lee WK, Park HY (2016) Comparison of the quality of life for thyroid cancer survivors who had open versus robotic thyroidectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 26(8):618–624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim MJ, Lee J, Lee SG, Choi JB, Kim TH, Ban EJ, Lee CR, Kang SW, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, Jo YS, Chung WY (2017) Transaxillary robotic modified radical neck dissection: a 5-year assessment of operative and oncologic outcomes. Surg Endosc 31(4):1599–1606

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koo DH, Kim DM, Choi JY, Lee KE, Cho SH, Youn YK (2015) In-depth survey of scarring and distress in patients undergoing bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy or conventional open thyroidectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 25(5):436–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwak HY, Kim HY, Lee HY, Jung SP, Woo SU, Son GS, Lee JB, Bae JW (2015) Robotic thyroidectomy using bilateral axillo-breast approach: comparison of surgical results with open conventional thyroidectomy. J Surg Oncol 111(2):141–145

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon H, Yi JW, Song RY, Chai YJ, Kim S, Choi JY, Lee KE (2016) Comparison of bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy with open thyroidectomy for graves’ disease. World J Surg 40(3):498–504

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landry CS, Grubbs EG, Warneke CL, Ormond M, Chua C, Lee JE, Perrier ND (2012) Robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery in the United States: is it comparable to open thyroid lobectomy? Ann Surg Oncol 19(4):1269–1274

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lang BH-H, Wong CKH, Tsang JS, Wong KP, Wan KY (2014) A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing surgically-related complications between robotic-assisted thyroidectomy and conventional open thyroidectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 21(3):850–861

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lang BH, Wong CK, Tsang JS, Wong KP, Wan KY (2015) A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating completeness and outcomes of robotic thyroidectomy. Laryngoscope 125(2):509–518

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Chung WY (2013) Robotic surgery for thyroid disease. Eur Thyroid J 2(2):93–101

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Nah KY, Kim RM, Ahn YH, Soh EY, Chung WY (2010) Differences in postoperative outcomes, function, and cosmesis: open versus robotic thyroidectomy. Surg Endosc 24(12):3186–3194

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee KE, Koo do H, Im HJ, Park SK, Choi JY, Paeng JC, Chung JK, Oh SK, Youn YK (2011) Surgical completeness of bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy: comparison with conventional open thyroidectomy after propensity score matching. Surgery 150(6):1266–1274

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Na KY, Kim RM, Oh Y, Lee JH, Lee J, Lee J-S, Kim C-H, Soh E-Y, Chung WY (2012a) Postoperative functional voice changes after conventional open or robotic thyroidectomy: a prospective trial. Ann Surg Oncol 19(9):2963–2970

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee S, Ryu HR, Park JH, Kim KH, Kang S-W, Jeong JJ, Nam K-H, Chung WY, Park CS (2012b) Early surgical outcomes comparison between robotic and conventional open thyroid surgery for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Surgery 151(5):724–730

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Kwon IS, Bae EH, Chung WY (2013) Comparative analysis of oncological outcomes and quality of life after robotic versus conventional open thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and lateral neck node metastases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(7):2701–2708

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee S, Kim HY, Lee CR, Park S, Son H, Kang S-W, Jeong JJ, Nam K-H, Chung WY, Park CS (2014a) A prospective comparison of patient body image after robotic thyroidectomy and conventional open thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 156(1):117–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee S, Lee CR, Lee SC, Park S, Kim HY, Son H, Kang S-W, Jeong JJ, Nam K-H, Chung WY, Park CS, Cho A (2014b) Surgical completeness of robotic thyroidectomy: a prospective comparison with conventional open thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. Surg Endosc 28(4):1068–1075

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SG, Lee J, Kim MJ, Choi JB, Kim TH, Ban EJ, Lee CR, Kang SW, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, Jo YS, Chung WY (2016) Long-term oncologic outcome of robotic versus open total thyroidectomy in PTC: a case-matched retrospective study. Surg Endosc 30(8):3474–3479

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu SYW, Ng EKW (2016) Robotic versus open thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer: an evidence-based review. Int J Endocrinol 2016:4309087

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu HH, Li LJ, Shi B, Xu CW, Luo E (2017) Robotic surgical systems in maxillofacial surgery: a review. Int J Oral Sci 9(2):63–73

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 339:b2535

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Noureldine SI, Abdelghani R, Saeed A, Cortes N, Abbas A, Aslam R, Kandil E (2013a) Is robotic hemithyroidectomy comparable to its conventional counterpart? Surgery 154(2):363–368

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noureldine SI, Jackson NR, Tufano RP, Kandil E (2013b) A comparative North American experience of robotic thyroidectomy in a thyroid cancer population. Langenbecks Arch Surg 398(8):1069–1074

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noureldine SI, Yao L, Wavekar RR, Mohamed S, Kandil E (2013c) Thyroidectomy for graves’ disease: a feasibility study of the robotic transaxillary approach. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 75(6):350–356

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olson E, Wintheiser G, Wolfe KM, Droessler J, Silberstein PT (2019) Epidemiology of thyroid cancer: a review of the national cancer database, 2000–2013. Cureus 11(2):e4127

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Paek SH (2016) Comparison of postoperative surgical stress following robotic thyroidectomy and open thyroidectomy: a prospective pilot study. Surg Endosc 30(9):3861–3866

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paek SH, Kang KH, Park SJ (2018) A comparison of robotic versus open thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 28(3):170–173

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pan JH, Zhou H, Zhao XX, Ding H, Wei L, Qin L, Pan YL (2017) Robotic thyroidectomy versus conventional open thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 31(10):3985–4001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JH, Lee CR, Park S, Jeong JS, Kang SW, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, Chung WY, Park CS (2013) Initial experience with robotic gasless transaxillary thyroidectomy for the management of graves disease: comparison of conventional open versus robotic thyroidectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 23(5):e173–e177

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryu HR, Lee J, Park J-H, Kang S-W, Jeong JJ, Hong J-Y, Chung WY (2013) A comparison of postoperative pain after conventional open thyroidectomy and transaxillary single-incision robotic thyroidectomy: a prospective study. Ann Surg Oncol 20(7):2279–2284

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2015) Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin 65(1):5–29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Son SK, Kim JH, Bae JS, Lee SH (2015) Surgical safety and oncologic effectiveness in robotic versus conventional open thyroidectomy in thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 22(9):3022–3032

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song CM, Ji YB, Bang HS, Park CW, Kim DS, Tae K (2014a) Quality of life after robotic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillary approach. Ann Surg Oncol 21(13):4188–4194

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song CM, Ji YB, Bang HS, Park CW, Kim H, Tae K (2014b) Long-term sensory disturbance and discomfort after robotic thyroidectomy. World J Surg 38(7):1743–1748

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song CM, Ji YB, Bang HS, Kim KR, Kim H, Tae K (2015) Postoperative pain after robotic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 25(6):478–482

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song CM, Ji YB, Sung ES, Kim DS, Koo HR, Tae K (2016a) Comparison of robotic versus conventional selective neck dissection and total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 154(6):1005–1013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song CM, Yun BR, Ji YB, Sung ES, Kim KR, Tae K (2016b) Long-term voice outcomes after robotic thyroidectomy. World J Surg 40(1):110–116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sukato DC, Ballard DP, Abramowitz JM, Rosenfeld RM, Mlot S (2018) Robotic versus conventional neck dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 129(7):1587–1596

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun GH, Peress L, Pynnonen MA (2014) Systematic review and meta-analysis of robotic vs conventional thyroidectomy approaches for thyroid disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 150(4):520–532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sung TY, Yoon JH, Han M, Lee YH, Lee YM, Song DE, Chung KW, Kim WB, Shong YK, Hong SJ (2016) Oncologic safety of robot thyroid surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma: a comparative study of robot versus open thyroid surgery using inverse probability of treatment weighting. PLoS ONE 11(6):e0157345

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tae K, Ji YB, Jeong JH, Lee SH, Jeong MA, Park CW (2011) Robotic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach: our early experiences. Surg Endosc 25(1):221–228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tae K, Kim KY, Yun BR, Ji YB, Park CW, Kim DS, Kim TW (2012) Functional voice and swallowing outcomes after robotic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillo-breast approach: comparison with open thyroidectomy. Surg Endosc 26(7):1871–1877

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tae K, Ji YB, Song CM, Lee SH, Park CW (2014a) Comparison of robotic versus conventional lateral neck dissection for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1:P160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tae K, Ji YB, Song CM, Lee SH, Park CW (2014b) Oncologic outcomes of robotic thyroidectomy: 5 years’ experience. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1:P173–P174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tae K, Song CM, Ji YB, Kim KR, Kim JY, Choi YY (2014c) Comparison of surgical completeness between robotic total thyroidectomy versus open thyroidectomy. Laryngoscope 124(4):1042–1047

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tae K, Song CM, Ji YB, Sung ES, Jeong JH, Kim DS (2016) Oncologic outcomes of robotic thyroidectomy: 5-year experience with propensity score matching. Surg Endosc 30(11):4785–4792

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vasyl VV, Sajic M (2007) Molecular mechanisms involved in differentiated thyroid cancer invasion and metastasis. Curr Opin Oncol 19:11–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YC, Liu K, Xiong JJ, Zhu JQ (2015) Robotic thyroidectomy versus conventional open thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer: meta-analysis. J Laryngol Otol 129(6):558–567

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woo JW, Kim SK, Park I, Choe JH, Kim JH, Kim JS (2017) A novel robotic surgical technique for thyroid surgery: bilateral axillary approach (BAA). Surg Endosc 31(2):667–672

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yi O, Yoon JH, Lee Y-M, Sung T-Y, Chung K-W, Kim TY, Kim WB, Shong YK, Ryu J-S, Hong SJ (2013) Technical and oncologic safety of robotic thyroid surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 20(6):1927–1933

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoo JY, Chae YJ, Cho HB, Park KH, Kim JS, Lee SY (2013) Comparison of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting between women undergoing open or robot-assisted thyroidectomy. Surg Endosc 27(4):1321–1325

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 81970917.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Hanghang Liu and Yue Wang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and, Dept. of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Hanghang Liu, Chenzhou Wu & En Luo

  2. Shanghai Huangpu District Dental Clinic, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China

    Yue Wang

  3. Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Fei

Authors
  1. Hanghang Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yue Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chenzhou Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wei Fei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. En Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HL: study design, literature search, data collection, data analysis, and manuscript drafting. YW: literature search, data collection, data analysis, and manuscript drafting. CW: data collect and data analysis. WF: critical revision. EL: study design, data analysis, and critical revision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to En Luo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 3210 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, H., Wang, Y., Wu, C. et al. Robotic surgery versus open surgery for thyroid neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 146, 3297–3312 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-020-03418-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-020-03418-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation