Abstract
Immunopathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni-associated Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is not yet well established probably due to lack of experimental model. Therefore, we studied the Th1/Th2 immune response and pathological changes in C. jejuni-induced chicken model for GBS. C. jejuni (5 × 109 CFU/ml) and placebo were fed to 30 chickens each. Stools of all birds were negative for C. jejuni by culture and PCR before experiment. The birds were regularly assessed for disease symptoms up to 30 days. Sciatic nerves from all chickens were examined at 5 days intervals by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and also for the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines. Twenty-two chickens (73.3%) developed diarrhea after C. jejuni infection; 18 (60.0%) experimental chickens developed GBS-like paralytic neuropathy. Pathology in the sciatic nerves of these chickens included perinodal and/or patchy demyelination, perivascular focal lymphocytic infiltration, myelin swelling and presence of macrophages within the nerve fibers on 10th–20th post-infection day (PID). Cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-2) were elevated in early phase (5th–15th PID) and TGF-β2, IL-10 and IL-4 in the recovery phase (25th–30th PID) of the disease. The study provides evidence that C. jejuni infection in the chicken can provide an experimental animal model of GBS.
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Acknowledgments
The study was financially supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Government of India, New Delhi (5/3/3/24/2006-ECD-I). The authors are thankful to Mrs. Madhulika, Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India for her technical assistance during electron microscopy experiments. The authors KKN (80/569/2007-ECD-I) and NKK (3/1/2/12/Neuro/2010-NCD-I) acknowledge the financial assistance from ICMR, Government of India, New Delhi.
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Nyati, K.K., Prasad, K.N., Kharwar, N.K. et al. Immunopathology and Th1/Th2 immune response of Campylobacter jejuni-induced paralysis resembling Guillain–Barré syndrome in chicken. Med Microbiol Immunol 201, 177–187 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-011-0220-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-011-0220-3