Abstract
Motor awareness is a complex, multifaceted construct involving the awareness of both (i) one’s motor state while executing a movement or remaining still and (ii) one’s motor abilities. The analysis of neurological syndromes associated with motor disorders suggests the existence of various different components which are, however, integrated into a model of motor awareness. These components are: (i) motor intention, namely, a conscious desire to perform an action; (ii) motor monitoring and error recognition, that is, the capacity to check the execution of the action and identify motor errors; and (iii) a general awareness of one’s own motor abilities and deficits, that is, the capacity to recognize the general state of one’s motor abilities about the performance of specific actions and the potential consequences of motor impairment. Neuroanatomical correlates involving the parietal and insular cortices, the medial and lateral frontal regions, and subcortical structures (basal ganglia and limbic system) support this multi-component model. Specific damage (or disconnections) to these structures results in a number of different disorders in motor awareness, such as anosognosia for hemiplegia and apraxia, and a number of symptoms which are specific to motor intention disorders (e.g., the Anarchic Hand Syndrome and Tourette’s Syndrome) or motor monitoring (e.g., Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases). All of these clinical conditions are discussed in the light of a motor awareness model.
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Funding
This study was supported by Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy (PRIN 2017-2017N7WCLP to V.M) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 818521).
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VP and VM contributed to the study design and conceptualization. Both authors contributed to the writing of the first draft and the revision of the manuscript.
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Pacella, V., Moro, V. Motor awareness: a model based on neurological syndromes. Brain Struct Funct 227, 3145–3160 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02558-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02558-y