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Associative white matter connecting the dorsal and ventral posterior human cortex

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Abstract

Historically, the primary focus of studies of human white matter tracts has been on large tracts that connect anterior-to-posterior cortical regions. These include the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). Recently, more refined and well-understood tractography methods have facilitated the characterization of several tracts in the posterior of the human brain that connect dorsal-to-ventral cortical regions. These include the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), the posterior arcuate fasciculus (pArc), the temporo-parietal connection (TP-SPL), and the middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF). The addition of these dorso-ventral connective tracts to our standard picture of white matter architecture results in a more complicated pattern of white matter connectivity than previously considered. Dorso-ventral connective tracts may play a role in transferring information from superior horizontal tracts, such as the SLF, to inferior horizontal tracts, such as the IFOF and ILF. We present a full anatomical delineation of these major dorso-ventral connective white matter tracts (the VOF, pArc, TP-SPL, and MdLF). We show their spatial layout and cortical termination mappings in relation to the more established horizontal tracts (SLF, IFOF, ILF, and Arc) and consider standard values for quantitative features associated with the aforementioned tracts. We hope to facilitate further study on these tracts and their relations. To this end, we also share links to automated code that segments these tracts, thereby providing a standard approach to obtaining these tracts for subsequent analysis. We developed open source software to allow reproducible segmentation of the tracts: https://github.com/brainlife/Vertical_Tracts. Finally, we make the segmentation method available as an open cloud service on the data and analyses sharing platform brainlife.io. Investigators will be able to access these services and upload their data to segment these tracts.

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Fig. 9: MdLF-SPL cortical termination pattern. a MdLF-SPL anatomy
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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by NSF IIS-1636893, NSF BCS-1734853, NSF AOC 1916518, NIH NCATS UL1TR002529, a Microsoft Research Award, Google Cloud Platform, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (JP17H04684, JP15J00412), and the Indiana University Areas of Emergent Research initiative “Learning: Brains, Machines, Children.” In part by NIH NCATS UL1TR002529 to F.P.. D.N.B. and B.M. were partially funded via NIH NIMH 5 T32 MH103213 to B. Hetrick and B. D’Onofrio. We thank Soichi Hayashi, Steven O’Riley, David Hunt, and Aman Arya for contributing to the development of brainlife.io, Craig Stewart, Winona Snapp-Childs, David Hancok, and Jeremy Fischer for support with jetstream-cloud.org (NSF ACI-1445604). Data were provided in part by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium (Principal Investigators: David Van Essen and Kamil Ugurbil; 1U54MH091657) funded by the 16 NIH Institutes and Centers that support the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research; and by the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University. Data were provided in part by Brian Wandell (Stanford University; https://purl.stanford.edu/bb060nk0241). Thanks to Sophia Vinci-Booher for comments on early versions of the manuscript. Thanks also to Josh Faskowitz for help with software.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA

    Daniel Bullock, Cesar F. Caiafa, Lindsey Kitchell, Brent McPherson & Franco Pestilli

  2. Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 702 North Walnut Grove St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA

    Daniel Bullock, Bradley Caron & Franco Pestilli

  3. Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka University, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Daniel Bullock & Hiromasa Takemura

  4. Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0801, Japan

    Hiromasa Takemura

  5. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (CCT-La Plata, CONICET; CICPBA), C.C. No. 5, 1894, Villa Elisa, Argentina

    Cesar F. Caiafa

  6. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1063ACV, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Cesar F. Caiafa

  7. Program in Cognitive Science, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA

    Lindsey Kitchell & Franco Pestilli

  8. School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 East Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA

    Bradley Caron & Franco Pestilli

  9. Department of Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Engineering, School of Informatics, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA

    Franco Pestilli

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  1. Daniel Bullock
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  2. Hiromasa Takemura
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  3. Cesar F. Caiafa
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  4. Lindsey Kitchell
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  7. Franco Pestilli
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Contributions

DNB and FP conceptualized and performed analyses. HT and CC provided data curation and software. DNB, HT, CC, and FP wrote the manuscript. LK, BM, and BC provided validation and software.

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Correspondence to Franco Pestilli.

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Data collection was approved by the respective Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the University of Washington, Saint Louis (HCP data set) and Stanford University (STN data set).

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Bullock, D., Takemura, H., Caiafa, C.F. et al. Associative white matter connecting the dorsal and ventral posterior human cortex. Brain Struct Funct 224, 2631–2660 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-019-01907-8

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