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The tomato IQD gene SUN24 regulates seed germination through ABA signaling pathway

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Gene expression and functional analysis of the tomato IQD gene SUN24 revealed that it regulates seed germination through ABA signaling pathway.

Ca2+ signaling plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes including ABA-mediated seed germination. The plant-specific IQ67-Domain (IQD) proteins are hypothesized to regulate Ca2+ signaling and plant development through interactions with calmodulins (CaMs). Despite a few IQD genes have been identified to regulate herbivore resistance and plant growth and development, the molecular functions of most members in this gene family are not known. In this study, we characterized the role of the tomato IQD gene SUN24 in seed germination. Using pSUN24::GUS reporter lines and by quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis, we show that SUN24 is mainly expressed in the roots, flowers, young fruits, seeds, and other young developing tissues, and its expression is repressed by ABA treatments. Functional analysis shows that knockdown of SUN24 expression by RNA interference delays seed germination, whereas overexpression of this IQD gene promotes germination. Further gene expression analysis reveals that SUN24 negatively regulates expression of two key ABA signaling genes Solanum lycopersicum ABA-insensitive 3 (SlABI3) and SlABI5 in germinating seeds. Moreover, SUN24, targeting to microtubule and nuclear bodies, can interact with four tomato CaMs (SlCaM1, 2, 3, and 6) in yeast cells. Our results demonstrate that SUN24 regulates seed germination through ABA signaling pathway, expanding our understanding of the roles of the IQD protein family members in plant physiological processes.

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Abbreviations

CaM:

Calmodulin

IQD:

IQ67-domain

OE lines:

Overexpression lines

SlABI3(15):

Solanum lycopersicum ABA-insensitive 3(5)

SlCaMs:

Solanum lycopersicum CaM

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank TGRC for kindly providing the tomato seeds used in the study and Meng Li for taking care of plants. The work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2016YFD0100506 and 2012CB113900) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672164).

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  1. National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Lulu Bi, Lin Weng, Zhuyan Jiang & Han Xiao

  2. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China

    Lulu Bi & Zhuyan Jiang

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  1. Lulu Bi
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Bi, L., Weng, L., Jiang, Z. et al. The tomato IQD gene SUN24 regulates seed germination through ABA signaling pathway. Planta 248, 919–931 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-2950-6

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