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Impact of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Arundo donax L. response to salt stress

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Abstract

Main conclusion

AM symbiosis did not strongly affect Arundo donax performances under salt stress, although differences in the plants inoculated with two different fungi were recorded.

The mechanisms at the basis of the improved tolerance to abiotic stresses by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been investigated mainly focusing on food crops. In this work, the potential impact of AM symbiosis on the performance of a bioenergy crop, Arundo donax, under saline conditions was considered. Specifically, we tried to understand whether AM symbiosis helps this fast-growing plant, often widespread in marginal soils, withstand salt. A combined approach, involving eco-physiological, morphometric and biochemical measurements, was used and the effects of two different AM fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis) were compared. Results indicate that potted A. donax plants do not suffer permanent damage induced by salt stress, but photosynthesis and growth are considerably reduced. Since A. donax is a high-yield biomass crop, reduction of biomass might be a serious agronomical problem in saline conditions. At least under the presently experienced growth conditions, and plant–AM combinations, the negative effect of salt on plant performance was not rescued by AM fungal colonization. However, some changes in plant metabolisms were observed following AM-inoculation, including a significant increase in proline accumulation and a trend toward higher isoprene emission and higher H2O2, especially in plants colonized by R. irregularis. This suggests that AM fungal symbiosis influences plant metabolism, and plant–AM fungus combination is an important factor for improving plant performance and productivity, in presence or absence of stress conditions.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal

A N :

Photosynthesis

g s :

Stomatal conductance

iWUE:

Intrinsic water use efficiency

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

P5CS:

Δ1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Progetto Premiale 2012 CNR-Biofuels and third-generation biorefinery integrated with the territory. The authors thank Maria Teresa della Beffa for the help during plant preparation and growth.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy

    Susanna Pollastri, Massimo Pesando, Erica Lumini, Antonella Faccio & Raffaella Balestrini

  2. Cyprus University of Technology (CUT), Limassol, Cyprus

    Andreas Savvides & Vasileios Fotopoulos

  3. CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy

    Maria Grazia Volpe & Fausta De Cunzo

  4. CNR, Institute of Trees and Timber (IVALSA), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Elif Aylin Ozudogru, Maurizio Lambardi & Mauro Centritto

  5. CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Marco Michelozzi

  6. CNR, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (DiSBA), Rome, Italy

    Francesco Loreto

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  1. Susanna Pollastri
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  2. Andreas Savvides
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Correspondence to Raffaella Balestrini.

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425_2017_2808_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary material 1 Fig. S1 A comparative picture of A. donax plants non-inoculated (C) and inoculated with two different AM fungal species (Fm or Ri, i.e., F. mosseae and R. irregularis) under non-stressed (NS) and salt-stressed condition (SS), 4 months after AM-inoculation and 25 days after beginning the NaCl treatment (JPEG 161 kb)

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Pollastri, S., Savvides, A., Pesando, M. et al. Impact of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Arundo donax L. response to salt stress. Planta 247, 573–585 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2808-3

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