Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is required for plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to viruses. However, SA-deficient plants adapt to RNA virus infections better, which show a lighter symptom and have less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The virus replication levels are higher in the SA-deficient plants during the first 10 days, but lower than the wild-type seedlings after 20 dpi. The higher level of glutathione and ascorbic acid (AsA) in SA-deficient plants may contribute to their alleviated symptoms. Solo virus-control method for mortal viruses results in necrosis and chlorosis, no matter what level of virus RNAs would accumulate. Contrastingly, early and high-dose AsA treatment alleviates the symptom, and eventually inhibits virus replication after 20 days. ROS eliminators could not imitate the effect of AsA, and could neither alleviate symptom nor inhibit virus replication. It suggests that both symptom alleviation and virus replication control should be considered for plant virus cures.
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Abbreviations
- AsA:
-
Ascorbic acid
- CMV:
-
Cucumber mosaic virus
- CPZ:
-
Chlorpromazine
- DMTU:
-
Dimethylthiourea
- dpi:
-
Days after inoculation
- HR:
-
Hypersensitive response
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- OTC:
-
l-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- SAR:
-
Systemic acquired resistance
- TCV:
-
Turnip crinkle virus
- TNV:
-
Tobacco necrosis virus
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Acknowledgments
Arabidopsis thaliana seeds carrying NahG gene were gifts from Prof. Jia Li (University of Oklahoma, USA & Lanzhou University, China). We thank Mr. Rupu Xiao (Certcana Systems Institute, Ontario, Canada) for the language edition. This work was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (91017004, 31071669, 31070210, 30970214 and 30800071) and Sichuan Nature Science Foundation (2010JQ0080) and the National Key Basic Research ‘973’ Program of China (2009CB118500).
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S. -D. Wang, F. Zhu and S. Yuan contributed equally to this work.
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Wang, SD., Zhu, F., Yuan, S. et al. The roles of ascorbic acid and glutathione in symptom alleviation to SA-deficient plants infected with RNA viruses. Planta 234, 171–181 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-011-1391-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-011-1391-2