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Exercise increases lactoferrin, but decreases lysozyme in salivary granulocytes

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European Journal of Applied Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 01 June 2017

Abstract

Introduction

Intracellular lactoferrin (Lac) and lysozyme (Lys) content play an important role in regulating inflammation and promoting host protection. While exercise has demonstrated an increase in Lac and Lys concentration in exocrine solutions, little is known regarding intracellular concentration changes in response to exercise.

Purpose

To quantify intracellular Lac and Lys concentration before and after exercise in salivary CD45+CD15+ cells.

Methods

11 males (20.3 ± 0.8 years, 57.2 ± 7.6 mL/kg/min V̇O2pk, 11.1 ± 3.9% body fat) ran for 45 min at 75% of VO2pk. 12 mL of stimulated saliva were collected pre and immediately post exercise. Saliva was filtered through a 30-µm filter before analysis of leukocytes (CD45+) and granulocytes (CD45+CD15+) using flow cytometry.

Results

Median fluorescent intensity (MFI) of Lac increased from pre (64,268 ± 46,036 MFI) to post (117,134 ± 88,115 MFI) exercise (p <0.05). Lys MFI decreased with exercise (pre: 16,933 ± 8249; post: 11,616 ± 6875) (p <0.05).

Conclusion

Acute running resulted in an increased Lac concentration which could lead to a decrease in inflammation, adding further evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. Conversely, the exercise-associated decrease of intracellular Lys content could be the cause of increased Lys in exocrine solutions.

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Abbreviations

AMP:

Antimicrobial protein

CD45+ :

Leukocytes

CD45+CD15+ :

Granulocytes

FMO:

Fluorescence minus one

Lac:

Lactoferrin

Lys:

Lysozyme

MFI:

Median fluorescent intensity

OsmolalityRPE:

Rating of perceived exertion

RPMI:

Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dave Draper, PhD for his technical support with the flow cytometry design and analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave., Riverside, CA, 92504, USA

    Trevor Gillum, Zachary McKenna, Micaela Castillo, Alex Jordan-Patterson & Caitlin Bohnert

  2. Department of Exercise Science, Highpoint University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA

    Matthew Kuennen

Authors
  1. Trevor Gillum
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  2. Matthew Kuennen
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  3. Zachary McKenna
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  4. Micaela Castillo
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  5. Alex Jordan-Patterson
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  6. Caitlin Bohnert
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Trevor Gillum.

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Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflict of interest with the present study. The authors alone are responsible for the writing and content of this paper.

Additional information

Communicated by Fabio Fischetti.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3650-9.

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Gillum, T., Kuennen, M., McKenna, Z. et al. Exercise increases lactoferrin, but decreases lysozyme in salivary granulocytes. Eur J Appl Physiol 117, 1047–1051 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3594-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3594-0

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