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Systemic and vitreous biomarkers — new insights in diabetic retinopathy

  • Retinal Disorders
  • Published:
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between DR severity and the levels of potential biomarkers in the serum and/or vitreous.

Methods

A prospective, consecutive, controlled, observational study was performed between June 2018 and January 2020. Blood and vitreous samples were collected on the day of vitrectomy in patients without diabetes and in patients with diabetes with epiretinal membrane, macular edema, and indication for vitrectomy.

Results

Transthyretin (TTR) was the only blood biomarker with levels statistically higher in patients with diabetes (p = 0.037). However, no correlation with DR severity was observed. Erythropoietin (EPO) was the only blood biomarker whose levels were associated with DR severity (p = 0.036). In vitreous samples, levels of EPO (p = 0.011), interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.001), IL-8 (p < 0.001), IL-17 (p = 0.022), monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG) (p < 0.001), and interferon gamma–induced protein 10 (IP-10) (p = 0.005) were significantly higher in patients with diabetes. Additionally, in vitreous, IL-6, IL-8, MIG, and IPL-10 levels were also higher in more severe DR cases (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Among the studied biomarkers, vitreous IL-6, IL-8, MIG, and IP-10 were the ones whose levels had the strongest coherent relationship with DR severity prediction and, thus, have the best potential post-vitrectomy prognostic value.

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Data availability

The raw data on which this manuscript is based is available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Diana José and João Poças, the two highly trained technicians who performed the SD-OCT scans; Dr. José Oliveira, Chief of the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory from CHUPorto; and Carla Fontes, the nurse who conducted all the blood sample collection.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar—Edifício Neoclássico, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal

    Bernardete Pessoa, João Heitor, Pedro Menéres, Angelina Meireles & Melo Beirão

  2. Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigations in Biomedicine (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal

    Bernardete Pessoa, Magdalena Leander & Melo Beirão

  3. Laboratory of Cytometry, Unit for Diagnosis in Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Bernardete Pessoa, João Heitor, Constança Coelho, Magdalena Leander, Pedro Menéres, João Figueira, Angelina Meireles & Melo Beirão

  4. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    João Heitor, Pedro Menéres & Angelina Meireles

  5. Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Constança Coelho

  6. Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Figueira

  7. Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Figueira

  8. Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research On Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Figueira

Authors
  1. Bernardete Pessoa
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  2. João Heitor
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  3. Constança Coelho
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  4. Magdalena Leander
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  5. Pedro Menéres
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  6. João Figueira
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  7. Angelina Meireles
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  8. Melo Beirão
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bernardete Pessoa.

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Ethics approval

This study was conducted according to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki in its latest amendment (Brazil, 2013), and was approved by the Research Coordination Office and the Ethics Committee of the CHUPorto, and authorized by the Administration Board of the Hospital (study number: 2017.093 (084-DEFI/082-CES)).

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Pessoa, B., Heitor, J., Coelho, C. et al. Systemic and vitreous biomarkers — new insights in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 260, 2449–2460 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-022-05624-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-022-05624-7

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