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Maternal obesity enhances oocyte chromosome abnormalities associated with aging

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Abstract

Obesity is increasing globally, and maternal obesity has adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes and the long-term health of offspring. Maternal obesity has been associated with pregnancy failure through impaired oogenesis and embryogenesis. However, whether maternal obesity causes chromosome abnormalities in oocytes has remained unclear. Here we show that chromosome abnormalities are increased in the oocytes of obese mice fed a high-fat diet and identify weakened sister-chromatid cohesion as the likely cause. Numbers of full-grown follicles retrieved from obese mice were the same as controls and the efficiency of in vitro oocyte maturation remained high. However, chromosome abnormalities presenting in both metaphase-I and metaphase-II were elevated, most prominently the premature separation of sister chromatids. Weakened sister-chromatid cohesion in oocytes from obese mice was manifested both as the terminalization of chiasmata in metaphase-I and as increased separation of sister centromeres in metaphase II. Obesity-associated abnormalities were elevated in older mice implying that maternal obesity exacerbates the deterioration of cohesion seen with advancing age.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Richard Shultz and members of the Hunter Lab for support and discussions. N.H. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, which also supported this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Yan Yun & Neil Hunter

  2. Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Yan Yun, Zijie Wei & Neil Hunter

  3. Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Neil Hunter

  4. Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Neil Hunter

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  1. Yan Yun
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This article is part of a Special Issue on “Recent advances in meiosis from DNA replication to chromosome segregation” edited by Valérie Borde and Francesca Cole, co-edited by Paula Cohen and Scott Keeney.

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Yun, Y., Wei, Z. & Hunter, N. Maternal obesity enhances oocyte chromosome abnormalities associated with aging. Chromosoma 128, 413–421 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-019-00716-6

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