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Recycled oceanic crust in the form of pyroxenite contributing to the Cenozoic continental basalts in central Asia: new perspectives from olivine chemistry and whole-rock B–Mo isotopes

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Abstract

Cenozoic continental basalts are widespread in central Asia. To explore their source nature and petrogenesis, this study presents an integrated study of olivine chemistry, bulk-rock 40Ar/39Ar age and geochemistry as well as Sr–Nd–Pb–B–Mo isotopes for the Miocene (ca. 15.5 Ma) Halaqiaola basalts in the Chinese Altai, central Asia. The Halaqiaola basalts mostly have basanite compositions with high total alkali (Na2O + K2O = 6.89–8.01 wt%) contents and high K2O/Na2O (0.87–1.39) ratios. Compared with partial melting products of mantle peridotite, the basaltic samples possess lower CaO and CaO/Al2O3 but higher TiO2, Zn/Mn and Zn/Fe values. Meanwhile, olivine phenocrysts from these basalts are characterized by lower Ca, Ni and Mn contents but higher Fe/Mn ratios than their counterparts in the peridotitic melts, suggesting a pyroxenite-rich source. Moreover, these rocks show OIB-like trace element patterns (e.g., spikes of Ba, Sr, Nb and Ta and troughs of Th and U), and constant Nd but variable Sr and EM1-like Pb isotopic compositions, and yield light δ11B (– 11.0 to – 8.1‰) and δ98Mo (– 0.40 to – 0.06‰) values. The above geochemical data suggest that secondary pyroxenite was likely produced by reaction of recycled oceanic crust with its ambient peridotite and subsequently became the main source for the basanite. Furthermore, their light and variable δ98Mo values probably reflect that recycled oceanic crust involved in such pyroxenite was altered with different degrees. In combination with available data from adjacent regions, we propose that the far-field effect of India–Eurasia collision was the first-order factor for the upwelling of dispersive asthenospheric mantle beneath central Asia, subsequent melting of which gave rise to the widespread Cenozoic volcanism.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2
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Fig. 4

Data source of Cenozoic Vitim basalts is from Johnson et al. (2005); and data of Gobi Altai and Hangai basalts is from Barry et al. (2003) and Hunt et al. (2012)

Fig. 5
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Fig. 7

The data for Hangai and Gobi Altai crustal xenoliths are from Barry et al. (2003). Data source of Cenozoic Vitim, Hangai and Gobi Altai basalts is from Johnson et al. (2005) and Barry et al. (2003). Previous data for the Halaqiaola basalts are from Zhang et al. (2007). Basaltic data for MORB, EM-1 and EM-2 compositions are from Stracke (2012). The NHRL is taken from Hart (1984)

Fig. 8
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Fig. 10

Data source for basaltic glasses in MORB and Hawaii lavas is from Marschall et al. (2017) and Chaussidon and Jambon (1994), respectively

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ms. Xinyu Wang, Shengling Sun and Xiao Fu, and Mr. Xianglin Tu, Jinlong Ma and Le Zhang, for their help with the geochemical analyses. We thank editor Jochen Hoefs for his kind editorial help and constructive comments. We are grateful to Jingao Liu and one anonymous reviewer, whose insightful and constructive reviews greatly improve this manuscript. This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0601205), the National Science Foundation of China (41603030, 41573025), the Hong Kong RGC research projects (17303415, 17302317), and the CPSF–CAS Joint Foundation for Excellent Postdoctoral Fellows (2017LH019). This work is a contribution to the CAS–HKU Joint Laboratory of Chemical Geodynamics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Yunying Zhang, Chao Yuan, Lubing Hong, Jie Li, Xiaoping Long, Pengfei Li & Zhengfan Lin

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    Yunying Zhang & Min Sun

  3. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Ming Chen

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  1. Yunying Zhang
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  2. Chao Yuan
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Correspondence to Min Sun.

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Communicated by Jochen Hoefs.

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Zhang, Y., Yuan, C., Sun, M. et al. Recycled oceanic crust in the form of pyroxenite contributing to the Cenozoic continental basalts in central Asia: new perspectives from olivine chemistry and whole-rock B–Mo isotopes. Contrib Mineral Petrol 174, 83 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-019-1620-4

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