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The mechanism of cation and oxygen isotope exchange in alkali feldspars under hydrothermal conditions

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Abstract

The mechanism of re-equilibration of albite in a hydrothermal fluid has been investigated experimentally using natural albite crystals in an aqueous KCl solution enriched in 18O at 600°C and 2 kbars pressure. The reaction is pseudomorphic and produces a rim of K-feldspar with a sharp interface on a nanoscale which moves into the parent albite with increasing reaction time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diffraction contrast and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) show that the K-feldspar has a very high defect concentration and a disordered Al, Si distribution, compared to the parent albite. Raman spectroscopy shows a frequency shift of the Si-O-Si bending vibration from ~476 cm−1 in K-feldspar formed in normal 16O aqueous solution to ~457 cm−1 in the K-feldspar formed in 18O-enriched solution, reflecting a mass-related frequency shift due to a high enrichment of 18O in the K-feldspar silicate framework. Raman mapping of the spatial distribution of the frequency shift, and hence 18O content, compared with major element distribution maps, show a 1:1 correspondence between the reaction rim formed by the replacement of albite by K-feldspar, and the oxygen isotope re-equilibration. The textural and chemical characteristics as well as the kinetics of the replacement of albite by K-feldspar are consistent with an interface-coupled dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Peter Schmid-Beurmann who helped with the Rietveld calculations, Arne Janßen and Angelika Breit for the powder X-ray diffraction measurements and Jasper Berndt for the electron microprobe mapping. We are also grateful to Herbert Kroll for his help in calculating the state of Al, Si order. We thank an anonymous reviewer for a possible explanation for the K and 18O enrichment at the reaction interface.

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  1. Dominik R. D. Niedermeier

    Present address: Institut für Petrologie der Ozeankruste, Universität Bremen, Klagenfurterstrasse 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Mineralogie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Dominik R. D. Niedermeier, Andrew Putnis, Thorsten Geisler, Ute Golla-Schindler & Christine V. Putnis

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  1. Dominik R. D. Niedermeier
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Correspondence to Dominik R. D. Niedermeier.

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Communicated by J. Hoefs.

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Niedermeier, D.R.D., Putnis, A., Geisler, T. et al. The mechanism of cation and oxygen isotope exchange in alkali feldspars under hydrothermal conditions. Contrib Mineral Petrol 157, 65–76 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0320-2

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