Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bilateral cochlear implantation: an assessment of language sub-skills and phoneme recognition in school-aged children

  • Miscellaneous
  • Published:
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purposes

The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in phoneme recognition and school-age language skills in children with bilateral and unilateral cochlear implants (CI). The second aim of the study is to examine language-based skills in bilateral cochlear implanted children with the first implant, second implant and in the bilateral listening situations.

Method

60 to 108-month-old children with similar demographic and audiological features were included. Of the 64 participants in total, 30 are bilateral cochlear implant users and 34 of them use unilateral cochlear implants. Turkish version of “Test of Language Development-Primary: Fourth edition (TOLD-P:4)” and “Phoneme Recognition Test (PRT)” were implemented for the evaluation of the language sub-components skills and auditory perception. In addition, the PRT test audio file was presented directly to the implant with connection cables via the fitting program methodologically.

Results

Children with bilateral cochlear implants were more successful in all language-based skills than children with unilateral cochlear implants (p < 0.05). In the PRT test, the most successful scores were obtained in the bilateral listening conditions, the second with the experienced implant side, and the most unsuccessful scores in the listening conditions with second implant.

Conclusion

Bilateral cochlear implants are very useful in terms of language-based skills in children with severe/profound hearing loss. This can positively affect even the future academic and social skills of children.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Almeida GFL, Martins MF, Costa LBAd, Costa OAd, Carvalho ACMd (2019) Sequential bilateral cochlear implant: results in children and adolescents. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 85:774–779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Avan P, Giraudet F, Büki B (2015) Importance of binaural hearing. Audiol Neurotol 20:3–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Baron S, Blanchard M, Parodi M, Rouillon I, Loundon N (2019) Sequential bilateral cochlear implants in children and adolescents: outcomes and prognostic factors. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Diseases 136:69–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bianchin G, Tribi L, Formigoni P, Russo C, Polizzi V (2017) Sequential pediatric bilateral cochlear implantation: the effect of time interval between implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 102:10–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dunn CC, Tyler RS, Oakley S, Gantz BJ, Noble W (2008) Comparison of speech recognition and localization performance in bilateral and unilateral cochlear implant users matched on duration of deafness and age at implantation. Ear Hear 29:352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ebrahimi A-A, Movallali G, Jamshidi A-A, Haghgoo HA, Rahgozar M (2016) Balance performance of deaf children with and without cochlear implants. Acta Medica Iranica 737–742

  7. Erdem BK, Çiprut A (2019) Evaluation of speech, spatial perception and hearing quality in unilateral, bimodal and bilateral cochlear implant users. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 57:149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. García VE, Ribas MIP, Carratalá IL, Monteagudo EL, Ventura AM, Algarra JM (2016) Comparative study between unilateral and bilateral cochlear implantation in children of 1 and 2 years of age. Acta Otorrinolaringolog (English Edition) 67:148–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gifford RH, Stecker GC (2020) Binaural cue sensitivity in cochlear implant recipients with acoustic hearing preservation. Hear Res 107929

  10. Goupell MJ, Cosentino S, Stakhovskaya OA, Bernstein JG (2019) Interaural pitch-discrimination range effects for bilateral and single-sided-deafness cochlear-implant users. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 20:187–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Katz J, Chasin M, English KM, Hood LJ, Tillery KL (1978) Handbook of clinical audiology. Williams & Wilkins Baltimore, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kraaijenga VJ, van Zon A, Smulders YE, Ramakers GG, Van Zanten GA, Stokroos RJ, Huinck WJ, Frijns JH, Free RH, Grolman W (2016) Development of a squelch effect in adult patients after simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation. Otol Neurotol 37:1300–1306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kral A, Dorman MF, Wilson BS (2019) Neuronal development of hearing and language: cochlear implants and critical periods. Annu Rev Neurosci 42:47–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Krause E, Louza JP, Wechtenbruch J, Gürkov R (2010) Influence of cochlear implantation on peripheral vestibular receptor function. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 142:809–813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Küçükünal I (2012) Konuşma sesleri tanıma testi (kstt) türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi

  16. MacKeith N, Coles R (1971) Binaural advantages in hearing of speech. J Laryngol Otol 85:213–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Maison SF, Liu X-P, Eatock RA, Sibley DR, Grandy DK, Liberman MC (2012) Dopaminergic signaling in the cochlea: receptor expression patterns and deletion phenotypes. J Neurosci 32:344–355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Marsella P, Giannantonio S, Scorpecci A, Pianesi F, Micardi M, Resca A (2015) Role of bimodal stimulation for auditory-perceptual skills development in children with a unilateral cochlear implant. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 35:442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mitsuya T, Samson F, Ménard L, Munhall KG (2013) Language dependent vowel representation in speech production. J Acoust Soc Am 133:2993–3003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mok M, Galvin KL, Dowell RC, McKay CM (2010) Speech perception benefit for children with a cochlear implant and a hearing aid in opposite ears and children with bilateral cochlear implants. Audiol Neurotol 15:44–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mok M, Holt CM, Lee K, Dowell RC, Vogel AP (2017) Cantonese tone perception for children who use a hearing aid and a cochlear implant in opposite ears. Ear Hear 38:e359–e368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nassiri AM, Yawn RJ, Brown CL, O’Malley MR, Bennett ML, Labadie RF, Haynes DS, Rivas A (2018) Unilateral versus bilateral cochlear implantation in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Otol Neurotol 39:e810–e816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Newcomer PL, Hammill DD (2008) Told-p: 4: test of language development. Primary. Pro-Ed, Austin

    Google Scholar 

  24. Nilakantan A, Raj P, Saini S, Mittal R (2018) Early speech perception test outcome in children with severe sensorineural hearing loss with unilateral cochlear implants alone versus bimodal stimulation. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 70:398–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Polonenko MJ, Papsin BC, Gordon KA (2019) Cortical plasticity with bimodal hearing in children with asymmetric hearing loss. Hear Res 372:88–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Polonenko MJ, Papsin BC, Gordon KA (2018) Delayed access to bilateral input alters cortical organization in children with asymmetric hearing. NeuroImage Clin 17:415–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Reeder RM, Firszt JB, Cadieux JH, Strube MJ (2017) A longitudinal study in children with sequential bilateral cochlear implants: time course for the second implanted ear and bilateral performance. J Speech Lang Hear Res 60:276–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Theriou C, Fielden CA, Kitterick PT (2019) The cost-effectiveness of bimodal stimulation compared to unilateral and bilateral cochlear implant use in adults with bilateral severe to profound deafness. Ear Hear 40:1425–1436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Topbaş S, Güven O (2017) Türkçe okulcağı dil gelişimi testi-todil. Test Bataryası

  30. Uecker FC, Szczepek A, Olze H (2019) Pediatric bilateral cochlear implantation: simultaneous versus sequential surgery. Otol Neurotol 40:e454–e460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Veekmans K, Ressel L, Mueller J, Vischer M, Brockmeier S (2009) Comparison of music perception in bilateral and unilateral cochlear implant users and normal-hearing subjects. Audiol Neurotol 14:315–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wolfe J, Schafer E (2014) Programming cochlear implants. Plural Publishing, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  33. Yawn RJ, O’Connell BP, Dwyer RT, Sunderhaus LW, Reynolds S, Haynes DS, Gifford RH (2018) Bilateral cochlear implantation versus bimodal hearing in patients with functional residual hearing: a within-subjects comparison of audiologic performance and quality of life. Otol Neurotol Off Publ Am Otol Soc Am Neurotol Soc Eur Acad Otol Neurotol 39:422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Yüksel M, Meredith MA, Rubinstein JT (2019) Effects of low frequency residual hearing on music perception and psychoacoustic abilities in pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Front Neurosci 13:924

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Audiology, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06745, Ankara, Turkey

    Nuriye Yıldırım Gökay

  2. Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey

    Esra Yücel

Authors
  1. Nuriye Yıldırım Gökay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Esra Yücel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nuriye Yıldırım Gökay.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

The Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Hacettepe University approved this study with the decision number and code 2020/13-32.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yıldırım Gökay, N., Yücel, E. Bilateral cochlear implantation: an assessment of language sub-skills and phoneme recognition in school-aged children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 278, 2093–2100 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06493-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06493-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation