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Different activations of toll-like receptors and antimicrobial peptides in chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis

  • Rhinology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Both up- and down-regulation of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the sinonasal mucosa have already been associated with the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of all known TLR and several AMP genes and some selected proteins in association with allergy, asthma and aspirin intolerance (ASA) in CRS subgroups. RT-PCR was applied to measure the mRNA expressions of 10 TLRs, four defensins, lysozyme, cathelicidin and lactoferrin (LTF) in sinonasal samples from patients with CRSsNP (n = 19), CRSwNP [ASA(−): 17; ASA(+): 7] and in control subjects (n = 12). Protein expressions were detected with immunohistochemistry (n = 10). Statistical analysis was done with the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, and Student t test. TLR2, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, β-defensins 1 and 4, cathelicidin and LTF mRNA expressions were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in CRSwNP, whereas only TLR2 and LTF were up-regulated in CRSsNP compared to controls. There was no statistical difference in respect of allergy, aspirin intolerance and smoking between CRSsNP, ASA(−) and ASA(+) CRSwNP patients. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, LTF, β defensin 2 and lysozyme protein expressions were found to be elevated in macrophages of CRSwNP samples (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis showed markedly different expressions in CRSwNP (6 out of 10 TLR and 4 out of 7 AMP genes were up-regulated) compared to CRSsNP (1/10, 1/7). The distinct activation of the innate immunity may support the concept that CRSsNP and CRSwNP are different subtypes of CRS. These findings were found to be independent from allergy, asthma, smoking, aspirin intolerance and systemic steroid application.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by a Jedlik Anyos grant; NKFP-07-A1-ORLPOLYP-hu; OM-00034/2008. The authors gratefully thank for Eva Viharos for the statistical analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, St John’s Hospital, Dios arok 1-3, 1125, Budapest, Hungary

    Andor Hirschberg

  2. Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

    Maria Kiss & Lajos Kemeny

  3. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

    Edit Kadocsa & Zsolt Bella

  4. MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary

    Hilda Polyanka, Kornelia Szabo & Lajos Kemeny

  5. Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

    Zsolt Razga & Laszlo Tiszlavicz

Authors
  1. Andor Hirschberg
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  2. Maria Kiss
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  3. Edit Kadocsa
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  4. Hilda Polyanka
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  5. Kornelia Szabo
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  6. Zsolt Razga
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  7. Zsolt Bella
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  8. Laszlo Tiszlavicz
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  9. Lajos Kemeny
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andor Hirschberg.

Ethics declarations

This study was supported by Jedlik Anyos Grant; NKFP-07-A1-ORLPOLYP-hu; OM-00034/2008. The study was approved by the local and national ethics committees (IRB: Health Science Council, Scientific and Ethics Board, ETT-TUKEB). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Hirschberg, A., Kiss, M., Kadocsa, E. et al. Different activations of toll-like receptors and antimicrobial peptides in chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 273, 1779–1788 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3816-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3816-1

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