Non-vestibular head and neck schwannomas: a 10-year experience

Abstract

Schwannomas are rare and slow growing tumours, arising from Schwann cells which provide myelin; less than 1 % of them degenerate into a malignant state. Although most studies are based on acoustic schwannomas, the majority of these tumours are non-vestibular and extracranial. Up to 45 % of them can be localised in head and neck districts, where they represent a diagnostic challenge because they are in differential diagnosis with lipoma, brachial cyst, paraganglioma and adenopathy. Between February 2002 and September 2012 our experience considers 18 patients affected by schwannomas localised in the neck in 14 cases, in the oral cavity in 2 cases, in the upper lip in 1 case and finally in the nose in 1 case. A painless neck mass was the major symptom referred, as well as dysphonia and oral pain. Ultrasound scan with fine needle aspiration biopsy was done in half of the group and was diagnostic in 30 %, whereas magnetic resonance imaging was diagnostic in 77 %, confirming its primary role in diagnostic work-up. The surgical approach was mainly by cervical incision and the intraneural extracapsular enucleation was the technique used without nerve injury in 89 % of cases. Follow-up period was 6–120 months and no evidence of relapse was registered.