Spinal anesthesia hypotension in elective cesarean section in parturients wearing extra-strong compression stockings

Abstract 

We have routinely applied an extra-strong graduated compression stocking to cesarean section patients to reduce the incidence of spinal anesthesia hypotension. Because bupivacaine has recently become available in Japan, we compared the incidence of spinal hypotension using either 2.0 ml of hyperbaric 0.3% dibucaine or 0.5% bupivacaine. There were 98 full-term parturients wearing the stocking who received 2.0 ml injection of dibucaine or bupivacaine for elective cesarean section. When systolic blood pressure decreased to 90–100 mm Hg or to less than 70% of the pre-anesthesia value, ephedrine was injected intravenously. There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure or heart rate during spinal anesthesia between the dibucaine and bupivacaine groups. Although the demographic data and various data related to anesthesia or surgery were similar in the groups, the fluid volume and the dose and incidence of ephedrine injection during anesthesia showed significant differences: the mean dose was 3.6 and 1.5 mg and the incidence was 41% and 19% in the dibucaine and bupivacaine groups, respectively. Spinal anesthesia using bupivacaine results in a lower incidence of spinal hypotension compared with dibucaine and, in combination with fitting the extra-strong stockings onto both legs, is clinically useful for cesarean sections.