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A novel radiation-induced grafting methodology to synthesize stable zerovalent iron nanoparticles at ambient atmospheric conditions

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Abstract

A novel method was developed to synthesize air-stable zerovalent iron nanoparticles (hereafter nZVI) utilizing a radiation grafting technique. The nZVI were synthesized by borohydrate reduction of FeCl3 and stabilized on a radiation grafted copolymer matrix. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted non-woven polyethylene/polypropylene (NWPE/PP-g-PAA) was used as the copolymer matrix and Co-60 γ-radiation was applied. The nZVI adsorbed NWPE/PP-g-PAA (hereafter nZVI-Ads-NWP) polymer composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrational spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy, proton titrations, and zeta potential techniques. The SEM images showed that PAA was properly grafted onto the NWPE/PP fabric during irradiation and that the nZVI were well dispersed and stabilized on the fabric surface. Vibrational spectroscopy showed supplementary evidence for the proper grafting of PAA onto the base polymer and suggested a monodentate configuration as the primary interaction between the carboxylate groups of PAA and the nZVI surface. XRD, XPS, and Mössbauer analyses revealed core zerovalent iron with a shell mainly consisting of iron oxides. The pHZPC and pHIEP values of nZVI–NaCl suspensions were 7.3. Zeta potential and surface charge data were modeled using the 1-pK Stern layer model with two dissimilar sites for electrolyte and proton binding to account for the observed charge asymmetry.

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Acknowledgments

Sudeera Randenigama is acknowledged for laboratory assistance. The InRC, UoP (Sri Lanka), is acknowledged for SEM facility. RW thanked the National Research Council of Sri Lanka for financial support provided under grant no. NRC-12-130. SR thanked the Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Board and Sri Lanka Gamma Centre for providing the irradiation facilities. Reviewers’ comments enhanced manuscript quality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post Graduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, PO Box 25, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka

    Sanduni Ratnayake

  2. Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Board, No. 60/460, Orugodawatta, Wellampitiya, 10600, Sri Lanka

    Sanduni Ratnayake

  3. Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Dieter Schild & Johannes Luetzenkirchen

  4. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20618, Lublin, Poland

    Edward Maczka, Elzbieta Jartych & Marek Kosmulski

  5. National Water Supplies and Drainage Board, Kandy, 20400, Sri Lanka

    Madhubhashini Makehelwala & Sujithra K. Weragoda

  6. Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka

    Atula Bandara

  7. Department of Physics, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka

    Ranjith Wijayawardana

  8. Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka

    Rohana Chandrajith

  9. Department of Soil Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka

    Srimathie P. Indrarathne & Rohan Weerasooriya

Authors
  1. Sanduni Ratnayake
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  2. Dieter Schild
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  3. Edward Maczka
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  4. Elzbieta Jartych
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  7. Madhubhashini Makehelwala
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  8. Sujithra K. Weragoda
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  9. Atula Bandara
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  10. Ranjith Wijayawardana
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rohan Weerasooriya.

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Ratnayake, S., Schild, D., Maczka, E. et al. A novel radiation-induced grafting methodology to synthesize stable zerovalent iron nanoparticles at ambient atmospheric conditions. Colloid Polym Sci 294, 1557–1569 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-016-3894-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-016-3894-7

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