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Pioglitazone limits myocardial infarct size, activates Akt, and upregulates cPLA2 and COX-2 in a PPAR-γ-independent manner

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Abstract

Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-γ agonist, limits myocardial infarct size by activating Akt and upregulating cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. However, PIO has several PPAR-γ-independent effects. We assessed whether PIO limits myocardial infarct size in PPAR-γ–knockout mice, attenuates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury and upregulates P-Akt, cPLA2, and COX-2 expression in PPAR-γ–knockout cardiomyocytes. Cardiac-specific inducible PPAR-γ knockout mice were generated by crossing αMHC-Cre mice to PPAR-γloxp/loxp mice. PPAR-γ deletion was achieved after 7 days of intraperitoneal tamoxifen (20 mg/kg/day) administration. Mice received PIO (10 mg/kg/day), or vehicle, for 3 days and underwent coronary occlusion (30 min) followed by reperfusion (4 h). We assessed the area at risk by blue dye and infarct size by TTC. Cultured adult cardiomyocytes of PPAR-γloxp/loxp/cre mice without or with pretreatment with tamoxifen were incubated with or without PIO and subjected to 2 h hypoxia/2 h reoxygenation. Cardiac-specific PPAR-γ knockout significantly increased infarct size. PIO reduced infarct size by 51% in PPAR-γ knockout mice and by 55% in mice with intact PPAR-γ. Deleting the PPAR-γ gene increased cell death in vitro. PIO reduced cell death in cells with and without intact PPAR-γ. PIO similarly increased myocardial Ser-473 P-Akt, cPLA2, and COX-2 levels after hypoxia/reoxygenation in cells with and without intact PPAR-γ. PIO limited infarct size in mice in a PPAR-γ-independent manner. PIO activated Akt, increased the expression of cPLA2 and COX-2, and protected adult cardiomyocytes against the effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation independent of PPAR-γ activation.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by a grant from Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc. We thank Rebecca Bartow, PhD, of the Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Ho spital, for editorial assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, MRB 5:108; 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555, USA

    Yochai Birnbaum, Bo Long, Jinqiao Qian, Jose R. Perez-Polo & Yumei Ye

  2. Section of Cardiology, the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Yochai Birnbaum

  3. Texas Heart Institute, Saint Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Yochai Birnbaum

  4. Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China

    Jinqiao Qian

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Birnbaum, Y., Long, B., Qian, J. et al. Pioglitazone limits myocardial infarct size, activates Akt, and upregulates cPLA2 and COX-2 in a PPAR-γ-independent manner. Basic Res Cardiol 106, 431–446 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-011-0162-3

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