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Association between coffee consumption with serum lipid profile in ELSA-Brasil study: a metabolomic approach

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Abstract

Purpose

This study evaluated the association between coffee consumption and serum lipid profile in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study on baseline data from participants of the cohort ELSA-Brasil. Only participants of São Paulo Research Center who underwent a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy examination of lipid profile were included (N = 4736). Coffee intake was categorized into four categories (cups/day, in reference cup size of 50 mL, which is the household measure adopted in Brazil): never/almost never, ≤ 1, 1–3, and > 3. Serum lipid profile [i.e., Total Cholesterol (TC), Total Triglycerides (TG), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c), Low-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), High-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), Triglyceride-rich Lipoprotein Particles (TRLP) and subfractions particles] was analyzed. To estimate the effect of coffee consumption on serum lipid profile, multivariate Generalized Linear Models were performed.

Results

Compared to participants who never or almost never drink coffee, individuals who consumed more than 3 cups/day showed an increase in concentrations of TC (β: 4.13; 95% CI 0.81, 7.45), TG (β: 9.53; 95% CI 1.65, 17.42), VLDL-c (β: 1.90; 95% CI 0.38, 3.42), TRLP (β: 8.42; 95% CI 1.24, 15.60), and Very Small-TRLP and Medium-TRLP subfractions (β: 7.36; 95% CI 0.21, 14.51; β: 2.53; 95% CI 0.89, 4.16, respectively), but not with HDL-c and LDL-c. Among individuals with low (≤ 1 cup/day) and moderate (1–3 cups/day) coffee consumption, no significant associations with lipids was observed.

Conclusion

High coffee consumption (more than 3 cups per day) was associated with an increase in serum lipids, namely TC, TG, VLDL-c, and TRL particles, highlighting the importance of a moderate consumption of this beverage.

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Acknowledgements

We would also like to acknowledge the participation of the 15,105 individuals recruited for this study without which this study and those based on the ELSA-Brasil cohort would not have been possible. Furthermore, we also would like to express our gratitude to the funding agencies for the financial support.

Funding

The ELSA-Brasil baseline study was supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Science and Technology Department) and the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology and National Research Council (grant numbers 01 06 0010.00 RS, 01 06 0212.00 BA, 01 06 0300.00 ES, 01 06 0278.00 MG, 01 06 0115.00 SP, and 01 06 0071.00 RJ). The research center of São Paulo was also supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant number 2011/12256–4). Andreia Machado Miranda received post-doctoral scholarship from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant number 2018/04116–7). All funding agencies had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Andreia Machado Miranda & Dirce Maria Marchioni

  2. Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Alessandra Carvalho Goulart, Giuliano Generoso, Márcio Sommer Bittencourt, Raul Dias Santos, Isabela M. Benseñor & Paulo A. Lotufo

  3. Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Raul Dias Santos

  4. Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, IL, USA

    Peter P. Toth & Stevens R. Jones

  5. School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Isabela M. Benseñor & Paulo A. Lotufo

  6. Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brasil

    Andreia Machado Miranda

Authors
  1. Andreia Machado Miranda
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  2. Alessandra Carvalho Goulart
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  3. Giuliano Generoso
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  8. Isabela M. Benseñor
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  9. Paulo A. Lotufo
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  10. Dirce Maria Marchioni
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Contributions

Andreia Machado Miranda: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft; Alessandra C Goulart, Giuliano Generoso, Márcio S Bittencourt, Raul Dias Santos, Peter Toth, Stevens Jones: writing—reviewing and editing; Isabela M Benseñor, Paulo A Lotufo: project administration, writing—reviewing and editing; Dirce Maria Marchioni: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreia Machado Miranda.

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Miranda, A.M., Goulart, A.C., Generoso, G. et al. Association between coffee consumption with serum lipid profile in ELSA-Brasil study: a metabolomic approach. Eur J Nutr 61, 4205–4214 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02946-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02946-4

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