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Associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with coronary artery calcification and pericardial adiposity in a longitudinal study of adults with and without type 1 diabetes

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Abstract

Purpose

To examine the associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and pericardial adiposity (PAT) in adults with and without type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We conducted a six-year longitudinal analysis of data from Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study [n = 1255; T1D: n = 563; non-DM: n = 692] collected at baseline, year 3 and year 6. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, a physical examination, and fasting (12 h overnight fast) biochemical analyses. CAC and PAT were measured using electron beam computed tomography. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with CAC and PAT in models adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risks.

Results

The ‘starchy veggies, meats and alcohol pattern’ was associated with significantly increased risk of CAC presence in all adjusted models; an increasing trend was observed with CAC progression. Increasing intake of dietary proteins and total fats were also associated with higher risk of the presence and/or progression of CAC in adjusted models (all p < 0.05). PAT was positively associated with dietary total fats, and inversely associated with dietary intakes of saturated fats, omega-3 fats and fiber in models adjusted for age, sex, total calories, time, diabetes status, systolic blood pressure, serum lipids and physical activity.

Conclusion

Diets high in total fats and proteins, and in meats (processed and red) and alcohol may increase risks of CAC, while saturated fats, omega-3-fats and fiber may be protective against pericardial adiposity as a risk factor for coronary artery disease.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005754.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all participants for their contributions to this study.

Funding

Support for this study was provided by the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grants R01 HL61753, R01 HL079611 and R01 HL113029, American Diabetes Association grant 7-06-CVD-28, American Diabetes Association Grant 7-13-CD-10 (Snell-Bergeon), American Diabetes Association Grant 7-13-CE-02 (Alman), and Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center Clinical Investigation Core P30 DK57516. The study was performed at the Adult General Clinical Research Center at the University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center supported by the NIH M01 RR000051 and NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA Grant Number UL1TR002535, the Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes in Denver and at Colorado Heart Imaging Center in Denver, CO, USA. In addition, support for statistical analyses for the current report was provided by the Dean’s Faculty Development award (Basu) at the School of Integrated Health Sciences at UNLV.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA

    Arpita Basu

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA

    Lung-Chang Chien

  3. College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Amy C. Alman

  4. Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    Janet K. Snell-Bergeon

Authors
  1. Arpita Basu
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  2. Lung-Chang Chien
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  3. Amy C. Alman
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  4. Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
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Contributions

AB, ACA and JKS-B contributed to the conception and design of the study, analysis, and interpretation of the data and drafted the manuscript. LCC performed data analyses. All authors critically revised, read, and approved the final manuscript and agreed to be fully accountable for ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arpita Basu.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

All study participants provided informed consent and the study protocol was approved by the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board. This observational study was performed in consistent with the approved guidelines.

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Basu, A., Chien, LC., Alman, A.C. et al. Associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with coronary artery calcification and pericardial adiposity in a longitudinal study of adults with and without type 1 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 60, 3911–3925 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02564-6

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