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Dairy product intake modifies gut microbiota composition among hyperinsulinemic individuals

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Abstract

Purposes

The objectives of this study were to investigate differences in gut microbiota (GM) composition after high dairy intake (HD) compared to adequate dairy intake (AD) and to correlate GM composition variations with the change in glycemic parameters in hyperinsulinemic subjects.

Methods

In this crossover study, 10 hyperinsulinemic adults were randomized to HD (≥ 4 servings/day) or AD (≤ 2 servings/day) for 6 weeks, separated by a 6-week washout period. Fasting insulin and glucose levels were measured after each intervention. Insulin resistance was calculated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). GM was determined with 16S rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing at the end of each intervention. Paired t test, correlations and machine learning analyses were performed.

Results

Endpoint glycemic parameters were not different between HD and AD intake. After HD compared with AD intake, there was a decrease in the abundance of bacteria in Roseburia and Verrucomicrobia (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively) and a trend for an increase abundance in Faecalibacteria and Flavonifractor (p = 0.05 and p = 0.06, respectively). The changes in abundance of Coriobacteriia, Erysipelotrichia, and Flavonifractor were negatively correlated with the change in HOMA-IR between the AD and HD phases. Furthermore, a predictive GM signature, including Anaerotruncus, Flavonifractor, Ruminococcaceae, and Subdoligranulum, was related to HOMA-IR.

Conclusion

Overall, these results suggest that HD modifies the abundance of specific butyrate-producing bacteria in Firmicutes and of bacteria in Verrucomicrobia in hyperinsulinemic individuals. In addition, the butyrate producing bacteria in Firmicutes phylum correlate negatively with insulin resistance.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Andréa Taschereau-Charron, Sarah Chouinard-Castonguay, Élise Cant, Valérie-Ève Julien, and Camille Lambert for their precious help with the visits with participants. They thank Andréa Taschereau-Charron for her support with the synthesis of the literature.

Funding

This study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). L. K. received a scholarship from CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center; S. O. received a scholarship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Diabète Québec; C. G. and I. R. hold a Junior two research Scholar from the Fonds de recherche du Québec—Santé (FRQ-S); C. G. holds a Diabetes Canada New Investigator Award; A. D. is funded by the L’Oréal research and innovation chair in digital biology of Université Laval. Food Isolation bags for dairy product transportation were given by the Dairy Farmers of Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

PJ, JW, CG, and IR were involved in the conceptualization of the study and resources; IR was responsible for methodology; SOC conducted the study; LK and IR were responsible for data analyses; ML and AD performed machine learning analyses; LK and IR wrote the original draft; all the authors were involved in reviewing and editing the manuscript; and IR was responsible for supervision and funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iwona Rudkowska.

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Conflicts of interest

On behalf of all the authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Khorraminezhad, L., Leclercq, M., O’Connor, S. et al. Dairy product intake modifies gut microbiota composition among hyperinsulinemic individuals. Eur J Nutr 60, 159–167 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02226-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02226-z

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