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Association between inflammatory potential of diet and mortality among women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort

  • Original Contribution
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Abstract

Purpose

Diet and dietary components have been studied previously in relation to mortality; however, little is known about the relationship between the inflammatory potential of overall diet and mortality.

Materials and methods

We examined the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and mortality among 33,747 participants in the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort. The DII score was calculated based on dietary information obtained from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Mortality was determined through linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Registry through 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). During 15 years of follow-up, 7095 deaths were identified, including 1996 due to cancer, 602 of which were due to digestive-tract cancer, and 2399 due to cardiovascular disease.

Results

After adjusting for age, energy intake, education, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI, and smoking status, analyses revealed a positive association between higher DII score and all-cause mortality. When used as a continuous variable (range −4.19 to 5.10), DII score was associated with all-cause mortality (HRContinuous = 1.05; 95 % CI 1.01–1.09) and digestive-tract cancer mortality (HRContinuous = 1.15; 95 % CI 1.02–1.29). Comparing subjects in the highest quintile of DII (≥1.91) versus the lowest quintile (DII ≤ −0.67), a significant association was observed for all-cause mortality (HR = 1.25; 95 % CI 1.07–1.47, P trend = 0.003).

Conclusion

These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII score, was associated with all-cause and digestive-tract cancer mortality.

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Acknowledgments

Funding

Drs. Shivappa and Hébert were supported by Grant Number R44DK103377 from the US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Dr. Wolk was supported by the Distinguished Professor Award from Karolinska Institute. The Swedish Mammography Cohort is maintained by grants from the Swedish Research Council Committee for infrastructure. Dr Harris was supported by a grant from the Swedish Cancer Foundation.

Disclosure

Dr. James R. Hébert owns controlling interest in Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), a company planning to license the right to his invention of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) from the University of South Carolina in order to develop computer and smart phone applications for patient counseling and dietary intervention in clinical settings. Dr. Nitin Shivappa is an employee of CHI. The subject matter of this paper will not have any direct bearing on that work, nor has that activity exerted any influence on this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 241, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Nitin Shivappa & James R. Hebert

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Nitin Shivappa & James R. Hebert

  3. Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, The National Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden

    Holly Harris & Alicja Wolk

  4. Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Holly Harris

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  1. Nitin Shivappa
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  2. Holly Harris
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  3. Alicja Wolk
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  4. James R. Hebert
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Correspondence to Nitin Shivappa.

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Shivappa, N., Harris, H., Wolk, A. et al. Association between inflammatory potential of diet and mortality among women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Eur J Nutr 55, 1891–1900 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1005-z

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